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Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi A

Mayelana Wikipedia
Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi A
Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi AIsifo sejondisi esibangwa ukuvuvukala kwesibindi A
Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi AIsifo sejondisi esibangwa ukuvuvukala kwesibindi A
Isifo sejondisi esibangwa ukuvuvukala kwesibindi A
Ukuhlela ngohlobo oluthile kanye nezinsiza zangaphandle
ICD/CIM-10B15B15
ICD/CIM-9070.0,070.1070.0,070.1
DiseasesDB5757
MedlinePlus000278

I-Hepatitis A (kudala eyayaziwa ngesifongokuvuvukala kwesibindi okuthelelanayo) yisifosibucayiisifo esithelelanayo sesibindi esidalwa ukuvuvukala kwesibindi okwaziwa nge-hepatitis A virus (HAV).[1] Izikhathi eziningi kuba nezimpawu ezincane noma zingabi khona nhlobo ikakhulukazi kulabo abancane.[2] Isikhathi phakathi kokutheleleka nokuvela kwezimpawu, kulabo ababa nazo izimpawu, kuba yisikhathi esiphakathi kwamasonto amabili nayisithupha.[3] Uma izimpawu zikhona zivamise ukubonakala kuze kuphele amasonto ayisishiyagalombili kanti kungabandakanya lezi: ukucanuzelelwa yinhliziyo, ukuphalaza, ukukhishwa yisisu,isikhumba esiphuzi, umkhuhlane, kanye nokuphathwa yiqolo.[2] Bangalinganiselwa phakathi kuka-10 -15% abantu abangaba nezimpawu ezifanayo esikhathini esiyizinyanga eziyisithupha emva kokutheleleka kokuqala.[2]Ukuhluleka kwesibindi okubucayi akuvamisile ukwenzeka kuvamise kakhulu kubantu abadala.[2]

Imvamisa sisatshalaliswa ukudla noma ukuphuza okuphuzwayo noma amanzi angcolile anamakaka athelelekile.[2]I-Shellfish engaphekiwe yavuthwa kahle ivamise ukuba yiyona mbangela ejwayelekile.[4] Ingaphinde isabalale ngokusondelana eduze nomuntu othelelekile.[2] Njengoba isikhathi esiningi izingane zingavamisile ukuba nezimpawu ezibonakalayo uma zithelelekile nazo ziyakwazi kodwa ukuthelela abanaye.[2] Emva kokutheleleka kanye umuntu akabe esatheleleka impilo yakhe yonke.[5] Ukuxilongwa kudinga ukuthi kuthathwe igazi ngoba izimpawu ziyafana nezinye zezinye izifo eziningi.[2] Ingeyodwa yamagciwane aziwayo e-hepatitis: A,B,C,D, kanye ne-E.

Umjovowokugomela i-hepatitis A isivikeli esisebenzayo.[2][6] Amanye amazwe ancoma ukuthi kwenziwe kuzo zonke izingane kanye nalabo abasengcupheni kakhulu abangakaze bajovelwe ukugomela lesi sifo.[2][7] Kubonakala kusebenza isikhathi eside.[2] Ezinye izindlela zokuvikela zibandakanyaukugeza izandla kanye nokupheka ukudla kuvuthwe kahle.[2] Akukho okwelapha okuqondene ngqo, kunconywa ukuphumula nemithiyokucanuzelelwa yinhliziyo nomaukukhishwa yisiu uma kunesidingo.[2]

Emhlabeni jikelele kuba khona izimpawu ezingaba izigidi eziyi-1.5 ezibonakala unyaka nonyaka[2] okungaba izigidi ezingamashumi amaningi ezithelelekile kuzo zonke.[8]Kuvamise kakhulu ezifundeni ezisendaweni ezingenazo izinsiza zokuthuthwa kwendle nalezi ezingenawo amanzi ahlanzekile.[7]Emhlabeni osathuthuka zilinganiselwa ku-90% izingane ezithelelekayo uma zineminyaka e-10 yobudala bese lokho kwenza ukuthi zingabe zisatheleleka uma sezindala.[7] Kuvamise ukuqubuka emazweni asemaphakathi nentuthuko lapho izingane zingalitholi leli gciwane ngenkathi zisencane kuphinde futhi kungabi khona mijovo yemigomo ekhishwayo.[7] Ngonyaka wezi-2010, i-hepatitis A ebucayi yabulala abantu abayi-102,000.[9]Usuku lomhlaba lwe-Hepatitis lugujwa njalo unyaka nonyaka mhla zingama-28 kuNtulikazi ukuze kuxwayiswe abantungegciwane lokuvuvukalelwa yinhliziyo elaziwa nge-hepatitis.[7]

Imithombo

[hlela |Hlela umthombo]
  1. ↑Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004).Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 541–4.ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
  2. 1234567891011121314Matheny,SC;Kingery,JE(1 December 2012)."Hepatitis A.".Am Fam Physician86(11): 1027–34; quiz 1010–2.PMID 23198670.http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1201/p1027.html. 
  3. ↑Connor BA(2005)."Hepatitis A vaccine in the last-minute traveler".Am. J. Med.118(Suppl 10A): 58S–62S.doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.07.018.PMID 16271543. 
  4. ↑Bellou,M.;Kokkinos,P.;Vantarakis,A.(March 2013)."Shellfish-borne viral outbreaks: a systematic review.".Food Environ Virol5(1): 13–23.doi:10.1007/s12560-012-9097-6.PMID 23412719. 
  5. ↑The Encyclopedia of Hepatitis and Other Liver Diseases. Infobase. 2006. p. 105.ISBN 9780816069903.
  6. ↑Irving,GJ.;Holden,J.;Yang,R.;Pope,D.(2012)."Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A.".Cochrane Database Syst Rev7: CD009051.doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009051.pub2.PMID 22786522. 
  7. 12345"Hepatitis A Fact sheet N°328".World Health Organization. July 2013. Kulandwe ngomhlaka20 February 2014.
  8. ↑Wasley,A;Fiore, A;Bell, BP(2006)."Hepatitis A in the era of vaccination.".Epidemiol Rev28: 101–11.doi:10.1093/epirev/mxj012.PMID 16775039.http://epirev.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/1/101.long. 
  9. ↑Lozano,R(Dec 15, 2012)."Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010".Lancet380(9859): 2095–128.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0.PMID 23245604. 
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