KuMchazampilo,amangqamuzana anguhlaka oluyisisekelo nolungumuvo osebenzayo wezinto eziphilayo. Wonke amangqamuzana aquketheingqimbazana ebiyelwe ngaphakathikolwelwesi, equketheimizwayimpilo amaningi afananezakhamzimba kanyenezimunyundeni.Amangqamuzana angenza imisebenzi ecacile nehlukene ngaphakathi kwengqamuzana njengokunyaliza, ukulungisa impathafuzo, nokulumbanisa isakhamzimba. Amangqamuzana amaningi alinganiswa ngamamithanyana ngenxa yobuncane bawo.Iningi lamangqamuzana ezitshalo nezilwane abonakala kuphela ngaphansikwesibonancinci sokukhanya, ngobukhulu obuphakathi kwamamithanyana asuka ku-1 kuya ku-100. Ukubukangesibonankulu senzuba kuveza umgqamo ophezulu obonisa ngokuningiliziwe uhlaka lwengqamuzana.Iziphili zingahlukaniswa ngokuthi unongqamuzana(unicellular) (siqukethe ingqamuzana elilodwa njengeZinungwana) noma umangqamuzana(multicellular) (kufaka phakathi izitshalo nezilwane). Iningi leziphili ezingumangqamuzana zihlelwe ngokuthiiziphilincinci.
Inani lamangqamuzanaezitshalweni nasezilwaneni liyahlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane; kulinganiselwa ukuthiabantu baqukethe amangqamuzana angaba yizigidigidi ezingama-40 (4 × 1013).
Ingqondo yomuntu ibalelwa kuma-80 billion amangqamuzana.
Amangqamuzana atholwa nguRobert Hooke ngo-1665, owawaqamba ngokufana kwawo namangqamuzana (amagumbana) ahlala izindela ezingamaKrestu esigodlweni sezindela. Umbono wengqamuzana, waqala ukwakhiwa ngo-1839 nguMatthias Jakob Schleiden noTheodor Schwann, ithi zonke izinto eziphilayo zakhiwa elilodwa noma amangqamuzana amaningi, ukuthi amangqamuzana ayingxenye eyisisekelo yokwakheka nokusebenza kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, nokuthi wonke amangqamuzana avela kumangqamuzana akhona kakade.
Amangqamuzana avela eMhlabeni okungenani iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-3.5 edlule.
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