umchazampilo Isifundo sempilo.
top: izinungwana zethumbu -E. coli nendluzele bottom: ibhungane nomuthi wemfingo uMchazampilo yinzululwazi efundangempilo . Inzululwazi engokwemvelo enesikhangelo esibanzi kodwa enezihloko ezimbalwa eziyibumbayo ziyibophele ndawonye njengomkhakha owodwa, ohlangene. Ngokwesibonelo zonkeiziPhili zakhiwaamangqamuzana adludlunga ukwaziswa kofuzo olulotshwe ezifuzisini, olungadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ezizayo. Esinye isihloko esikhulu ukuThubeka, okuchaza ubunye nokungafani kwempilo. Ukudludlunga isidlakathi nakho kubalulekile empilweni njengoba kuvumela iziPhili ukuba zinyakaze, zikhule futhi zizale. Okokugcina, zonke iziphili ziyakwazi ukulawula ubumvelo bazo ngaphakathi.
Abachazimpilo bayakwazi ukufunda ngempilo emazingeni okuhleleka amaningi, kusuka kuMchazampilo wamachembe wamangqamuzana kuyakuMhlakahlo nochazomzimba lwezimila nezilwane, kanye nokuThubeka kwezibalo zabantu. Ingakho kunoqeqesho oluningi oluyiminxa yomchazampilo, ngalunye olucaciswa yisimo semibuzoyocwaningo lwawo kanye namathuluzi eliwasebenzisayo. NjengabanyeoSonzululwazi , abachazimpilo basebenzisa indlela-su engokwesayensi ukwenza izingqaphelo, bahlome imibuzo, bakheizihlawumbiselo , benzeimigcanso , futhi bafike esiphethweni mayelana nezwe elibazungezile.
Impilo emhlabeni uNomkhubulwane, eyavela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-3.7 ezedlule, inezinhlobinhlobo ezingafani. Abachazimpilo baye bazimisela ukucwaninga nokujinja izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kusuka eziphilinizezimvelendeni (prokaryotic organisms) ezifananezingunazana (archaea) nezinungwana kuya eziphilinieziyizinswelandeni (eukaryotic organisms) ezifana nezilokazana(protists) ,Ukhunta ,Izitshalo ,Izilwane . Lezinhlobozeziphili zenza umnikelo kwimpilobanzi(biodiversity) yoxhaxhamvelo(ecosystem) , lapho zineqhaza elikhethekile emjikelezweni wemisoco nesidlakathi ngesimo sazo semvelo.
Zonke iziphili zadalwengezinhlwa zevanga ;[ 1] isOhwe ,umCalahle ,iHwanzi , kanyeneNihwe zakha amaphsenti angama-96 esisindo sesiphili, beseumCaphana ,iPholoba ,ISibabuli ,iNaside ,iChwenzi ,nomGethe zakha amaphesenti asele. Izinhlwa ezihlukene zingaxubana ukuze zakheimiXube efana namanzi, ayisisekelo sempilo.[ 1] (biochemistry) yisifundo semidludlungu yeziqa ngaphakathi nangokuphatheleneneziphili . Umchazampilo wemizwayi(Molecular biology) uyigatsha lomchazampilo elicinga ukuqonda iziseko zemizwayi ubuqhebeqhebeni bezinto eziphilayo ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana.
Unongo lweminqalo yeHwanzi (1) phakathi lwemizwayi yamanzi Kuthiwa impilo yavela emanzini ezilwandle zokuqala ezisemhlabeni, ezakheka eminyakeni eyizigidigidi ezintathu ezidlule (3.8 billion).[ 2] chloride noma eminye imizwayi emincane ukuze kwakheke izibhunyela zeaqueous . Emva kokuncibilika emanzini, lezi ziqa ziyakwazi ukwenana zodwa futhi zihileleke ekusabeleni ngokwevanga okuwusizo ekuphaseni impilo.[ 2] 2 O).[ 2] [ 2] [ 2] [ 2] adhesive as it is able to adhere to the surface of any polar or charged non-water molecules.[ 2] ewuketshezi ukwedlula uma ewumkhumanqa.[ 2] (ice) ukuba sintante phezulu kwamanzi aluketshezi afana namachibi, nezilwandle, futhi lesi siqeda sigubuzela uketshezi olungaphansi emoyeni obandayo ongaphezulu.[ 2] [ 2] umhwamuko wamanzi .[ 2]
↑1.0 1.1 Urry, Lisa; Cain, Michael; Wasserman, Steven; Minorsky, Peter; Reece, Jane (2017). "The chemical context of life".Campbell Biology (11th ed.). New York: Pearson. pp. 28–43.ISBN 978-0134093413 . ↑2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 Freeman, Scott; Quillin, Kim; Allison, Lizabeth; Black, Michael; Podgorski, Greg; Taylor, Emily; Carmichael, Jeff (2017). "Water and carbon: The chemical basis of life".Biological Science (6th ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Pearson. pp. 55–77.ISBN 978-0321976499 . 
.jpg)
