注释

1. ^^{1.001.011.021.031.041.051.061.071.081.091.101.111.121.131.141.151.161.171.181.191.201.211.22}The contrast between the voiceless/p,pʲ,ɕ,t,tʃ,f,k,s,ʃ/ on the one hand and the voiced/b,bʲ,ʑ,d,dʒ,v,ɡ,z,ʒ/ on the other is neutralized before obstruents (with the former set occurring before voiceless obstruents and the latter set before the voiced ones), also across word boundaries. Phrase-final obstruents are all voiceless. The same applies to unpaired obstruents, so that the voiceless/ts/ and/x/ are voiced to[dz] and[ɣ] in the same contexts.
2. ^/ʃ/ before/tɕ/ is realized as[ɕ] in Lower Sorbian.
3. ^^{3.03.13.23.33.43.53.6}Thealveolo-palatal/ɕ,tɕ,ʑ/ occur only in Lower Sorbian, where they contrast with the flat postalveolar/ʃ,tʃ,ʒ/, as inPolish. Upper Sorbian has just one set of postalveolars, namely/ʃ,dʒ,tʃ,ʒ/, which are phoneticallypalato-alveolar, as in English andItalian.
4. ^^{4.004.014.024.034.044.054.064.074.084.094.10}In unstressed positions, the/ɪ–ɛ/ contrast surfaces as a contrast between the palatalized[bʲ,dʲ,fʲ,ɡʲ,hʲ,kʲ,lʲ,mʲ,nʲ,pʲ,ʁʲ,tʲ,vʲ,wʲ,xʲ] (in the case of following/ɪ/) and the plain[b,d,f,ɡ,h,k,l,m,n,p,ʁ,t,v,w,x] (in the case of following/ɛ/) as both vowels are realized as[ɛ]. Those palatalized allophones also appear before/i/ and stressed/ɪ/. Among the first set, only the nasal/mʲ,nʲ/, the labial/bʲ,pʲ,wʲ/ and the uvular/ʁʲ/ have a phonemic status.
5. ^^5.05.1[ŋ] and[ŋʲ] occur as allophones of/n/ and/nʲ/ before velar consonants.
6. ^^6.06.1In Upper Sorbian, the Germanuvular[ʁ] has displaced the traditionalalveolar[r]. In Lower Sorbian, the latter is still more common than the uvular[ʁ]. The same applies to thepalatalized（英语：Palatalization (phonetics)） variants.
7. ^^7.07.17.27.3The phonemic status of/ɛ/ and/ɨ/ on the one hand and/ɪ/ and/i/ on the other is problematic since they occur incomplementary distribution, with/ɛ/ and/ɨ/ occurring after hard consonants and/ɪ/ and/i/ after soft consonants.
8. ^^8.08.1[ɪ] and the Upper Sorbian[ʊ] occur only in stressed syllables. In unstressed syllables, they merge with[ɛ] and[ɔ].
9. ^Upper Sorbian/ʊ/ corresponds to Lower Sorbian/ɨ/ or/ɛ/.

书目

• Hannusch, Erwin, Niedersorbisch praktisch und verständlich, Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 1998,ISBN 3-7420-1667-9 
• Howson, Phil, Upper Sorbian, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2017,47 (3): 359–367,S2CID 232350142,doi:10.1017/S0025100316000414 
• Šewc-Schuster, Hinc, Gramatika hornjo-serbskeje rěče, Budyšin: Ludowe nakładnistwo Domowina, 1984 
• Stone, Gerald, Sorbian (Upper and Lower), Comrie, Bernard; Corbett, Greville G. (编), The Slavonic Languages, London and New York: Routledge: 593–685, 2002,ISBN 9780415280785 
• Zygis, Marzena,Phonetic and Phonological Aspects of Slavic Sibilant Fricatives(PDF), ZAS Papers in Linguistics, 2003,3: 175–213,doi:10.21248/zaspil.32.2003.191  

参见