鼠尾草属是唇形科下最大的一个属，包括大约1000种植物[1]，广泛分布在全球各地的温带和热带地区，既有草本也有灌木或亚灌木，大多数品种集中在亚洲。[2]其中有许多品种可以入药或作为观赏花卉。[3]
鼠尾草属植物的花有明显特点，其花萼钟形，分为两唇，上唇有三齿，下唇有二齿；花冠筒形，也分为两唇，上唇完整，下唇有三裂，中裂最长；有两个能育雄蕊和两个退化的不育雄蕊；果实为小坚果。
该属植物杠杆状雄蕊（lever-like stamen）结构与传粉者形成了杠杆式背部传粉（dorsal pollination）的互作机制[4]。
属名Salvia源于拉丁语salveo，意为“救助”，指本属植物多供入药。
本属包括以下物种：[5]
- 翅柄葉鼠尾草Salvia alatipetiolata（翅柄鼠尾草）
- 白鼠尾草Salvia apiana
- 银白鼠尾草Salvia argenteaL. - Silver clary, Silver sage.
- Salvia arizonica- Arizona sage, Desert indigo sage, a purple-flowering annual.
- Salvia austriaca- Austrian sage.
- Salvia ayecarrenoiMart. Gord., Fragoso & de Santiago[6]
- Salvia azurea- Blue sage, Azure blue sage; very big bright blue flowers.
- 南丹参Salvia bowleyanaDunn
- 二回羽裂南丹参Salvia bowleyana var.subbipinnata C.Y. Wu
- Salvia candelabrum- a blue-flowering scented sage.
- 刺苞鼠尾草Salvia carduaceaBenth.，异名：Salvia gossypina Benth.
- Salvia clevelandii- Blue sage, Cleveland sage, Fragrant sage.
- 红花鼠尾草Salvia coccineaJuss. ex Murr., 1778，朱唇
- 飞鸽鼠尾草Salvia columbariae
- 圆苞鼠尾草Salvia cyclostegia
- Salvia discolor
- 墨西哥鼠尾草Salvia divinorum-Diviner's sage.
- 长花鼠尾草Salvia dolichanthaE.Peter
- Salvia dorrii- Ute Tobacco Sage (mild hallucinogen when smoked)
- 凤梨鼠尾草Salvia elegans
- 粉萼鼠尾草Salvia farinaceaBenth.，粉萼鼠尾草
- 臺灣紫花鼠尾草Salvia fulgens-Salvia formosana (Murata) Yamazaki 1969 （蕨葉紫花鼠尾草）
- Salvia fulgens- Cardinal sage, Mexican red sage, a red-flowering perennial
- Salvia funerea– Death Valley sage
- 胶质鼠尾草Salvia glutinosa
- Salvia greggii- Autumn sage, a red-flowered sage with a very strong scent
- Salvia guaranitica- Anise sage or hummingbird sage.
- 早田氏鼠尾草Salvia hayatanaMakino ex Hayata, 1919
- 芡欧鼠尾草Salvia hispanica- the Chia of commerce.
- Salvia huastecanaBedolla, Zamudio & H.Castillo-Gómez[7]
- 鼠尾草Salvia japonica Thunb. ex Murray, 1784（日本紫花鼠尾草）
- 隱藥鼠尾草Salvia keitaoensisHayata, 1919
- Salvia leucantha- Mexican bush sage, velvety spikes of violet-purple and white, 3' tall.
- Salvia leucophylla- Purple sage.
- Salvia libanotica- Mediterranean or middle eastern sage
- Salvia longistyla- Mexican sage.
- Salvia lyrata- Lyre-leaved sage, Lyreleaf sage.
- 墨西哥鼠尾草Salvia mexicana- Mexican sage, medium blue to violet and lavender, 8' to 10' tall.
- Salvia microphylla
- 丹参Salvia miltiorrhizaBunge
- Salvia nemorosa- Meadow sage
- 琴柱草Salvia nipponicaMiq.
- 黃花鼠尾草Salvia nipponica var.formosana (Hayata) Kudo, 1929
- 藥用鼠尾草Salvia officinalis
- 節毛鼠尾草Salvia plebeiaR. Brown, 1810
- 龍膽鼠尾草Salvia patens，長蕊鼠尾草 - a blue-flowering sage.
- Salvia polystachya- Chia sage, Chia seed.
- 洪桥鼠尾草Salvia potaniniKryl.
- Salvia potus- Chia.
- Salvia pratensis- Meadow clary or Meadow sage.
- 康定鼠尾草Salvia prattiiHemsl.
- Salvia roemeriana- Cedar Sage; this species prefers shady moist areas
- 卵葉鼠尾草Salvia scapiformisHance, 1885
- Salvia sclarea- Clary or Clary sage.
- 山东丹参Salvia shandongensis[8]
- Salvia spathacea- Pitcher sage or Hummingbird sage.
- 一串红Salvia splendensKer-Gawl.
- 佛光草Salvia substoloniferaStib.
- Salvia superba
- 田代氏鼠尾草Salvia tashiroiHayata, 1917
- Salvia transylvanica
- Salvia uliginosaBenth., 1833
- Salvia verbenacaL., 1753 - Wild clary, Wild sage.
- Salvia verticillataL., 1753 - Whorled clary, Lilac sage, a white- or blue-flowering perennial with the scent of Clary.
- Salvia viridisL., 1753，异名：S. horminum - Annual clary..
- 西藏鼠尾草Salvia wardiiStib.
鼠尾草属的拉丁名称来源与拉丁语的“治疗”（salvare）一词，在古代的地中海和小亚细亚半岛早已经应用其作为草药。[9]其中丹参（Salvia miltiorrhiza）是重要的中药，而美洲的印第安人也早已经知道用鼠尾草属植物作为草药，部分芳香品种还可以提取芳香油。[10][11][12][13]
- ^Petra Wester; Regine Claßen-Bockhoff.Pollination Syndromes of New World Salvia Species with Special Reference to Bird Pollination. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011,98 (1): 101–155 [2015-04-07].doi:10.3417/2007035. 引文使用过时参数
coauthors (帮助) - ^Kintzios, Spiridon E. 2000.Sage: the genus Salvia. Medicinal and aromatic plants--industrial profiles, v. 14. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers. Page 27.ISBN 90-5823-005-8
- ^Clebsch, Betsy, and Betsy Clebsch. 2003.The new book of salvias: sages for every garden. Portland, OR: Timber Press.ISBN 0-88192-560-8
- ^鼠尾草花结构与传粉忠实性研究获进展. 科学网. 2011-03-16 [2011-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-25）.
- ^Salvia L.. GBIF. [2023-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-08）.
- ^Martha J. Martínez-Gordillo, Jesús Ricardo de Santiago Gómez and Itzi Fragoso-Martínez. 2023. Salvia ayecarrenoi (Lamiaceae), una nueva especie con estambres exsertosde Guerrero, México / Salvia ayecarrenoi (Lamiaceae), A New Species with exserted stamens from Guerrero, Mexico. Acta Botanica Mexicana. 130: e2232. DOI: 10.21829/abm130.2023.2232
- ^ Brenda Y. Bedolla-García, Sergio Zamudio and Hugo A. Castillo-Gómez. 2020. Salvia huastecana (Lamiaceae), A New Species from San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Zootaxa. 433(1); 1–8. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.433.1.1
- ^李晓娟,韩建萍,李建秀,等.基于叶绿体psbA-trnH基因间区序列鉴定山东丹参为新种[J].药学学报, 2013, 48(8):7.DOI:CNKI:SUN:YXXB.0.2013-08-027.
- ^Marushia, Robin,Salvia divinorum: The Botany, Ethnobotany, Biochemistry and Future of a Mexican Mint(PDF), Ethnobotany, June 2003 [2007-05-04], （原始内容(PDF)存档于2003-09-03）
- ^Akhondzadeh, S; Noroozian, M; Mohammadi, M; Ohadinia, S; Jamshidi, Ah; Khani, M.Salvia officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a double blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. Feb 2003,28 (1): 53–9.ISSN 0269-4727.PMID 12605619.
- ^Dos, Santos-Neto, Ll; De, Vilhena, Toledo, Ma; Medeiros-Souza, P; De, Souza, Ga.The use of herbal medicine in Alzheimer's disease-a systematic review(Free full text). Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. Dec 2006,3 (4): 441–5.PMC 1697739
.PMID 17173107.doi:10.1093/ecam/nel071. [永久失效連結] - ^Perry, Ek; Pickering, At; Wang, Ww; Houghton, P; Perry, Ns. Medicinal plants and Alzheimer's disease: Integrating ethnobotanical and contemporary scientific evidence. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.). Winter 1998,4 (4): 419–28.ISSN 1075-5535.PMID 9884179.
- ^Iuvone, T; De, Filippis, D; Esposito, G; D'Amico, A; Izzo, Aa.The spice sage and its active ingredient rosmarinic acid protect PC12 cells from amyloid-beta peptide-induced neurotoxicity(Free full text). The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. Jun 2006,317 (3): 1143–9.PMID 16495207.doi:10.1124/jpet.105.099317.
- A Book of Salvias: Sages for Every Garden byBetsy Clebsch, Timber Press, 1997,ISBN 0-88192-369-9. An excellent reference on salvias. Also, an updated (2004 edition) is available.
- Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M. R. 2003, Salvia Officinalis extract in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: A double blind and placebo-controlled trial. British Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 140, p22P-22P, 1/2p
