在歐洲的學術界，“供給和需求”這個名詞最初見於詹姆士·斯图亚特所著的《政治經濟學原理的研究》（Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy），該書出版于1767年。亞當·斯密在1776年出版的著作《國富論》也使用這個名詞，李嘉圖在其1817年出版的《政治經濟學及賦稅原理》使用這個名詞作為其中一章〈論需求和供給對價格的影響〉（On the Influence of Demand and Supply on Price）的標題[29]。亞當·斯密時常假設物品的供給價格保持固定，如果它的稀少性增加會導致它的價值減少，實際上這論述就是後世所說的需求定律。李嘉圖在《政治經濟學及賦稅原理》致力研究一些假設用於建立他對供給和需求的理論。法國數學家古諾首先發展一個數學化的供需模型，這個模型連帶相關圖表載于古諾1838年的著作《財富理論的數學原理的研究》（Researches into the Mathematical Principles of Wealth）。
19世紀晚期邊際效用學派興起，這個學派以英國經濟學家傑文斯、奧地利經濟學家門格爾和法國經濟學家瓦爾拉斯爲首。他們理論的共同點是價格是由生產決策的邊際價格決定。這是自從亞當·斯密關於如何決定供給價格的思想以來一個非常重要的改變。1870年的一篇論文《以圖形表示供給和需求》（On the Graphical Representation of Supply and Demand）裏，作者弗萊明·詹金（Fleeming Jenkin）在“引入圖表到英國經濟學文化”的過程中首先在論文裏繪出第一條供給曲線和需求曲線[30]，包括使用比較靜態的辦法研究供給和需求在勞動市場的應用[31] 。這個模型後來被馬歇爾在其1890年的教科書著作《經濟學原理》進一步發展及普及[29]。
^P. Garegnani, "Heterogeneous Capital, the Production Function and the Theory of Distribution",Review of Economic Studies, V. 37, N. 3 (Jul. 1970): 407-436
^Robert L. Vienneau, "On Labour Demand and Equilibria of the Firm",Manchester School, V. 73, N. 5 (Sep. 2005): 612-619
^Arrigo Opocher and Ian Steedman, "Input Price-Input Quantity Relations and the Numeraire",Cambridge Journal of Economics, V. 3 (2009): 937-948
^Michael Anyadike-Danes and Wyne Godley, "Real Wages and Employment: A Sceptical View of Some Recent Empirical Work",Machester School, V. 62, N. 2 (Jun. 1989): 172-187
^Graham White, "The Poverty of Conventional Economic Wisdom and the Search for Alternative Economic and Social Policies",The Drawing Board: An Australian Review of Public Affairs, V. 2, N. 2 (Nov. 2001): 67-87
^Basij J. Moore,Horizontalists and Verticalists: The Macroeconomics of Credit Money, Cambridge University Press, 1988
^Ritter, Lawrence S.authorlink1 = Lawrence S. Ritter;Silber, William L.;Udell, Gregory F. Principles of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets 10th. Addison-Wesley, Menlo Park C. 2000: 431–438,465–476.ISBN 0-321-37557-2.
^（英文譯文："“If desire for goods increases while its availability decreases, its price rises. On the other hand, if availability of the good increases and the desire for it decreases, the price comes down.”）Hosseini, Hamid S. Contributions of Medieval Muslim Scholars to the History of Economics and their Impact: A Refutation of the Schumpeterian Great Gap. Biddle, Jeff E.; Davis, Jon B.; Samuels, Warren J. (编).A Companion to the History of Economic Thought. Malden, MA: Blackwell. 2003: 28–45 [28 & 38].ISBN 0631225730.doi:10.1002/9780470999059.ch3.
^29.029.1Thomas M. Humphrey, 1992. "Marshallian Cross Diagrams and Their Uses before Alfred Marshall,"Economic Review, Mar/Apr, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, pp.3-23. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^A.D. Brownlie and M. F. Lloyd Prichard, 1963. "Professor Fleeming Jenkin, 1833-1885 Pioneer in Engineering and Political Economy,"Oxford Economic Papers, NS, 15(3), p. 211.
^Fleeming Jenkin, 1870. "The Graphical Representation of the Laws of Supply and Demand, and their Application to Labour," in Alexander Grant, ed.,Recess Studies, Edinburgh. ch. VI, pp. 151-85. Edinburgh. Scroll to chapterlink. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^Avi J. Cohen, "'The Laws of Returns Under Competitive Conditions': Progress in Microeconomics Since Sraffa (1926)?",Eastern Economic Journal, V. 9, N. 3 (Jul.-Sep.): 1983)
^（原文：“What a cleaned-up version of Sraffa (1926) establishes is how nearly empty are all of Marshall's partial equilibrium boxes. To a logical purist of Wittgenstein and Sraffa class, the Marshallian partial equilibrium box of constant cost is even more empty than the box of increasing cost.”）<Paul A. Samuelson, "Reply" inCritical Essays on Piero Sraffa's Legacy in Economics (edited by H. D. Kurz) Cambridge University Press, 2000
^Alan Kirman, "The Intrinsic Limits of Modern Economic Theory: The Emperor has No Clothes",The Economic Journal, V. 99, N. 395, Supplement: Conference Papers (1989): pp. 126-139
^Alan P. Kirman, "Whom or What Does the Representative Individual Represent?"Journal of Economic Perspectives, V. 6, N. 2 (Spring 1992): pp. 117-136
^Goodwin, N, Nelson, J; Ackerman, F & Weissskopf, T: Microeconomics in Context 2d ed. Sharpe 2009ISBN 978-0-7656-2301-0
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