锦蛇属(学名:Elaphe),均是无毒蛇,主要分布于东亚。
錦蛇棲息於山區或平地、樹林及草地。剛接觸時有些個體攻擊性很強,但很容易馴化。卵生,每年5月左右交配,夏季產卵,每次產2-13枚,約1個月孵化,溫度低時,孵化期可延長至2個半月,仔蛇全長約40公分。
錦蛇主要以蛙類、小型哺乳動物、小型鳥類或鳥蛋為食,由於牠沒有毒性,當牠捉到獵物時會以纏繞的方式將獵物勒住,使其窒息身亡,再慢慢地把獵物吞下。
該屬蛇共有17種物種:[3]
- 赤峰锦蛇Elaphe anomalaBoulenger, 1916
- 雙斑錦蛇Elaphe bimaculataSchmidt, 1925
- 坎氏锦蛇Elaphe cantorisBoulenger, 1894
- 王錦蛇Elaphe carinataGünther, 1864
- 日本錦蛇Elaphe climacophoraBoie, 1826
- 團花錦蛇Elaphe davidiSauvage, 1884
- 白條錦蛇Elaphe dionePallas, 1773
- 南峰锦蛇Elaphe hodgsoniGünther, 1860
- 百花锦蛇Elaphe moellendorffiBoettger, 1886
- 日本四線錦蛇Elaphe quadrivirgataBoie, 1826
- 四线锦蛇Elaphe quatuorlineataBonnaterre, 1790
- 东四线锦蛇Elaphe sauromatesPallas, 1811
- 棕黑錦蛇Elaphe schrenckiiStrauch, 1873
- 黑眉锦蛇Elaphe taeniuraCOPE, 1861
- 乌拉尔图锦蛇Elaphe urarticaJablonski, Kukushkin, Avci, Bunyatova, Ilgaz, Tuniyev & Jandzik, 2019
- 秦皇锦蛇Elaphe xiphodontaQi, Shi, Ma, Gao, Bu, Grismer, Li & Wang, 2021
- 若尔盖锦蛇Elaphe zoigeensisHuang, Ding, Burbrink, Yang, Huang, Ling, Chen & Zhang, 2012[4]
- ^Wright, A.H.(英语:Albert Hazen Wright) & A.A. Wright. (1957).Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Comstock. Ithaca & London.
- ^Chen, Xin; Lemmon, Alan R.; Lemmon, Emily Moriarty; Pyron, R. Alexander; Burbrink, Frank T. Using phylogenomics to understand the link between biogeographic origins and regional diversification in ratsnakes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2017-06,111: 206–218.doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.03.017.
- ^Reptarium.cz Reptile Database 中的Elaphe
- ^Huang, S., Ding, L., Burbrink, F.T., Yang, J., Huang, J., Ling, C., Chen, X. & Zhang, Y. 2012. A New Species of the Genus Elaphe (Squamata: Colubridae) from Zoige County, Sichuan, China. Asian Herpetological Research. 3, 38–45. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1245.2012.00038