在英語中「transsexual」一詞通常用作形容詞,而非名詞,例如「transsexual person」而非單獨使用「a transsexual」。截至 2018 年,以名詞形式(如稱某人為「transsexual」)來指代個體的用法在變性社群內已經逐漸被摒棄。[37]與其他跨性別者一樣,變性者希望被稱呼為符合其性別認同的代詞與術語。例如,跨性別男性(trans man)是指在出生時因生殖器外觀而被指定為女性,但其性別認同為男性,並且正在或已經轉變為男性性別角色的人。而「transsexual man」則進一步指的是已經擁有或將擁有男性化身體的人。transsexual有時會使用方向性術語來描述,例如「女變男」(female-to-male, F2M, FTM, F to M)用於變性男性,而「男變女」(male-to-female, M2F, MTF, M to F)則用於變性女性。
青春期及成年期的性別不一致(Gender Incongruence of Adolescence and Adulthood)指個體所經歷的性別與指定性別之間存在顯著且持續的不一致,這通常導致個體希望進行「性別過渡」(transition),以便通過荷爾蒙治療、手術或其他醫療服務,使身體在盡可能的範圍內與自身所經歷的性別保持一致,從而能夠按照該性別生活並被社會接受。該診斷不得在青春期開始之前確定(HA61 適用於青春期前的情況)。單純的性別多元表现與偏好並不足以構成該診斷的依據。
為了獲得性別肯定治療,跨性別者通常需要接受心理評估,並根據世界跨性別健康專業協會(WPATH)發布的《照護標準》(Standards of Care,SOC)獲得性別認同障礙的診斷。[12]這項評估通常伴隨諮詢,以協助個人適應所希望的性別角色,了解醫療處置的影響與風險,有時還包括心理治療。《照護標準》旨在作為指導方針,而非僵化規則,其目標是確保接受治療者獲得充分資訊,並具備良好的心理健康狀態,同時避免人們基於不切實際的期望而進行性別過渡。
医疗手册、专业新闻写作格式指南和 LGBT 倡导组织建议他人采用跨性別者本人认同的姓名和代词,包括在提及其过去时也使用符合其性别认同的表达方式。[105][106][107]对于因代词用法或性别定义而感到困惑的家人和朋友,通常由跨性別者本人、专业人士或熟悉跨性別者代词使用规则的其他人士进行指导。有时,跨性別者需要多次纠正朋友和家人,才能使他们稳定使用符合其性别认同的代词。根据朱莉婭·塞拉諾的说法,故意错误使用跨性別者的性别代词是一种「傲慢的行为,旨在贬低和羞辱跨性別者」。[108]
許多國家的姓名和性別更改法規,使得跨性別者難以向雇主隱瞞自己的跨性別身份。[113]由於哈利·本傑明護理標準(Harry Benjamin Standards of Care)要求在接受性別肯定手術(SRS)前必須經歷一年的實際生活體驗(Real Life Experience),這導致一些人陷入「兩難困境」(Catch-22),即他們必須在無法順利就業的情況下完成這一年的要求,從而影響他們獲得SRS的機會。
在許多國家,法律對基於性別認同或性別表現的職場歧視提供保護,包括對於陽剛的女性和陰柔的男性的保護。越來越多的公司在其反歧視政策中納入了「性別認同與表現」條款。[100][114]然而,這些法律和政策通常無法涵蓋所有情況,並且執行力度也可能不足。例如,加州的反歧視法明確保護跨性別者在職場的權益,並禁止雇主因員工的性別認同而解僱或拒絕雇用。而在歐盟,根據歐洲法院在P訴S及康沃爾郡議會案(P v S and Cornwall County Council)中的裁決,跨性別者的就業權益受到性別歧視保護。[115]
^Darmanin, Jules.Les retrouvailles très émouvantes entre Chelsea Manning et une femme qui l'a inspirée.Buzzfeed News. 12 July 2017 [27 November 2020](法语).Dans un entretien par téléphone avec BuzzFeed News, elle développe: «Ça se passait dans un contexte particulier, juste après une chirurgie de réassignation que j'ai été faire en Thaïlande. Il se trouve que j'avais déjà été interviewée par des médias, et que j'avais une image qui passait plutôt bien.» À travers les lettres XY marquées sur sa main, July voulait «clairement expliciter [sa] situation en tant que transsexuelle.
^3.03.13.2Bevan, Thomas E. The psychobiology of transsexualism and transgenderism : a new view based on scientific evidence. Santa Barbara, California. 2015: 42.ISBN 978-1-4408-3126-3.OCLC 881721443.The term transsexual was introduced by Cauldwell (1949) and popularized by Harry Benjamin (1966) ... . The term transgender was coined by John Oliven (1965) and popularized by various transgender people who pioneered the concept and practice of transgenderism. It is sometimes said that Virginia Prince (1976) popularized the term, but history shows that many transgender people advocated the use of this term much more than Prince. The adjectivetransgendered should not be used ... . Transsexuals constitute a subset of transgender people.
^4.04.1Alegria, Christine Aramburu. Transgender identity and health care: Implications for psychosocial and physical evaluation. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners (Wiley). 22 March 2011,23 (4): 175–182.ISSN 1041-2972.PMID 21489011.S2CID 205909330.doi:10.1111/j.1745-7599.2010.00595.x.Transgender, Umbrella term for persons who do not conform to gender norms in their identity and/or behavior (Meyerowitz, 2002). Transsexual, Subset of transgenderism; persons who feel discordance between natal sex and identity (Meyerowitz, 2002).
^Winters, Kelley; Karasic, Dan. Gender Madness in American Psychiatry: Essays From the Struggle for Dignity. Dillon, CO: GID Reform Advocates. 2008: 198.ISBN 978-1-4392-2388-8.OCLC 367582287.Some Transsexual individuals also identify with the broader transgender community; others do not.
^Transsexualism. Gender Centre. March 2014 [2016-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-04).Transsexualism is often included within the broader term 'transgender', which is generally considered an umbrella term for people who do not conform to typically accepted gender roles for the sex they were assigned at birth. The term 'transgender' is a word employed by activists to encompass as many groups of gender diverse people as possible. However, many of these groups individually don't identify with the term. Many health clinics and services set up to serve gender variant communities employ the term, however most of the people using these services again don't identify with this term. The rejection of this political category by those that it is designed to cover clearly illustrates the difference between self-identification and categories that are imposed by observers to understand other people.
^Schaefer, L.C.; Wheeler, C.C. The non-surgical true Transsexual: a theoretical rationale. Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association VIII International Symposium. Bordeaux, France. 1983.
^25.025.1Polly, Ryan; Nicole, Julie. Understanding the Transsexual Patient.Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal (Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)). 2011,33 (1): 55–64.ISSN 1931-4485.PMID 21317698.S2CID 2481961.doi:10.1097/tme.0b013e3182080ef4.The use of terminology by transsexual individuals to self-identify varies. As aforementioned, many transsexual individuals prefer the term transgender, or simply trans, as it is more inclusive and carries fewer stigmas. There are some transsexual individuals[,] however, who reject the term transgender; these individuals view transsexualism as a treatable congenital condition. Following medical and/or surgical transition, they live within the binary as either a man or a woman and may not disclose their transition history.
^26.026.1Swenson, A. Medical Care of the Transgender Patient. Family Medicine. 2014.While some transsexual people still prefer to use the term to describe themselves, many transgender people prefer the term transgender to transsexual.
^Parker, Jerry.Christine Recalls Life as Boy from the Bronx. Newsday/Winnipeg Free Press. October 18, 1979 [28 May 2012]. (原始内容存档于25 April 2012)."If you understand trans-genders", she says, (the word she prefers to transsexuals), "then you understand that gender doesn't have to do with bed partners, it has to do with identity".
^News From California: 'Transgender'. Appeal-Democrat/Associate Press. May 11, 1982: A–10 [28 May 2012]. (原始内容存档于12 April 2012).she describes people who have had such operations' "transgender" rather than transsexual. "Sexuality is who you sleep with, but gender is who you are", she explained
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^Wahng SJ (2004). Double Cross: Transmasculinity Asian American Gendering inTrappings of Transhood. in Aldama AJ (ed.)Violence and the Body: Race, Gender, and the State. Indiana University Press.ISBN0-253-34171-X
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^Hickman, H.; Porfilio, B.J. (2012). The New Politics of the Textbook: Problematizing the Portrayal of Marginalized Groups in Textbooks. Constructing Knowledge: Curriculum Studies in Action. SensePublishers. p. 235. ISBN 978-94-6091-912-1. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
^62.062.162.2Janssen, Diederik F. (21 April 2020). "Transgenderism Before Gender: Nosology from the Sixteenth Through Mid-Twentieth Century". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 49 (5): 1415–1425. doi:10.1007/s10508-020-01715-w. ISSN 0004-0002. PMID 32319033. S2CID 216073926.
^Nicolas), Bescherelle (M , Louis (1843). Dictionnaire usuel de tous les verbes français: tant réguliers qu'irréguliers, entièrement conjugués, contenant par ordre alphabétique les 7,000 verbes de la langue française avec leur conjugaison complète, et la solution analytique et raisonnée de toutes les difficultés auxquelles ils peuvent donner lieu (in French). Vol. 2. Chez Breteau & Pichery. p. 896.
^"Holocaust Memorial Day Trust | 6 May 1933: Looting of the Institute of Sexology". Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
^LeVay, Simon (1996). Queer Science: The Use and Abuse of Research into Homosexuality. MIT Press. doi:10.7551/mitpress/5726.001.0001. ISBN 9780262278201. Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2022 – via The Washington Post.
^Teich, Nicholas.Transgender 101: A Simple Guide to a Complex Issue.Columbia University Press. 2012: 55 [August 20, 2015].ISBN 978-0-231-50427-0. (原始内容存档于September 20, 2015).Historically, many transmen who have had phalloplasty have not been satisfied with the results. Doctors continue to make improvements to this surgery, but many surgeons in the United States choose not to perform it because of the high risk of complications (severe scarring or fistulas for example), the significant risk of never regaining sensation in the penis or donor sites, and the chance that the result will not be aesthetically pleasing. However, some transmen are satisfied with their results and would choose to do it again if given the choice.
^Carroll, Janell.Sexuality Now: Embracing Diversity.Routledge. 2015: 132 [August 20, 2015].ISBN 978-1-305-44603-8. (原始内容存档于September 20, 2015).Penises made from phalloplasty cannot achieve a natural erection, so penile implants of some kind are usually used (we will discuss these implants in more detail in Chapter 14). Overall, metoidioplasty is a simpler procedure than phalloplasty, which explains its popularity. It also has fewer complications, takes less time, and is less expensive (e.g., a metoidioplasty takes about 1 to 2 hours and can cost around $15,000 to 20,000, whereas, a phalloplasty can take about 8 hours can cost more than $65,000).
^Baranyi, A; Piber, D; Rothenhäusler, HB. Male-to-female transsexualism. Sex reassignment surgery from a biopsychosocial perspective. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2009,159 (21–22): 548–57.PMID 19997841.doi:10.1007/s10354-009-0693-5.
^Murad, Mohammad; Elamin, Mohomed; Garcia, Magaly; Mullan, Rebecca; Murad, Ayman; Erwin, Patricia; Montori, Victor. Hormonal therapy and sex reassignment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of quality of life and psychosocial outcomes. Clinical Endocrinology. 2010,72 (2): 214–231.PMID 19473181.S2CID 19590739.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03625.x.
^van Kesteren, Paul J. M; Asscheman, Henk; Megens, Jos A. J; Gooren, Louis J. G. Mortality and morbidity in transsexual subjects treated with cross-sex hormones. J. Clin. Endocrinol. 1997,47 (3): 337–343.PMID 9373456.S2CID 12126434.doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.2601068.x.
^Glicksman, Eve.Transgender terminology: It's complicated. Monitor on Psychology (American Psychological Association). April 2013,44 (4): 39 [2013-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2013-09-25).Use whatever name and gender pronoun the person prefers
^Glossary of Gender and Transgender Terms(PDF). Preface: Fenway Health: 2. January 2010 [2013-09-17]. (原始内容(PDF)存档于2013-10-19).listen to your clients – what terms do they use to describe themselves