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納-德內語系

维基百科,自由的百科全书
納-德內語系
地理分佈北美洲
谱系学分类德內-葉尼塞語門 (建議中)
  • 納-德內語系
分支
ISO 639-5xnd

納-德內語系英语Na-Dené languages),或作納-得內語系納-達內語系納-德內諸語言,都是指北美洲原住民的一個建議中的語系,主要分布於加拿大西南部(包括西北地區育空地區及其鄰近地域)和美國西北部(阿拉斯加州,加上俄勒岡州西南部和加利福尼亞州北部)。納-德內語系包含了現時的阿薩巴斯卡語系諸語言、埃雅克語特林吉特语

納-德內語系的建議在最初提出時,還包括海達語,但有關海達語與其他語言的關聯有爭議。在2008年3月,有語言學家發表一個建議,把納-德內語系與在西伯利亞通行的葉尼塞語系合併成為德內-葉尼塞語系,並確認海達語跟這個新語系內的成員並沒有關連。這個建議,得到相當數量的語言學家支持[1]

名称

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“納”(特林吉特语)和“德內”(阿萨巴斯卡语支)都是该语系一些语言对“人”的称呼,“德內”的“內”与“納”同源。“德內”也是一种名为Dëne Sųłiné的阿萨巴斯卡语言。

參看

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附註

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  1. ^Dene-Yeniseic Symposium. [2008-07-30]. (原始内容存档于2009-05-26). 

參考文獻

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  • Bengtson, J. D.,Edward Sapir and the ‘Sino-Dene’ Hypothesis, Anthropological Science, 1994,102 (3): 207–230,ISSN 0918-7960,doi:10.1537/ase.102.207, (原始内容存档于2006-11-14) .
  • Dürr, Michael & Renner, Egon, The history of the Na-Dene controversy: A sketch., Renner, Egon & Dürr, Michael (编), Language and Culture in North America: Studies in Honor of Heinz-Jürgen Pinnow, Lincom Studies in Native American Linguistics2, Munich: Lincom Europa: 3–18, 1995,ISBN 3-89586-004-2 .
  • Enrico, John, Toward Proto–Na-Dene, Anthropological Linguistics, 2004,46 (3): 229–302,doi:10.2307/30028963 .
  • Goddard, Pliny E., Has Tlingit a Genetic Relation to Athapascan?, International Journal of American Linguistics, 1920,1 (4): 266–279,doi:10.2307/1263201 .
  • Greenberg, J. H., Language in the Americas, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1987,ISBN 0-8047-1315-4 .
  • Greenberg, J. H. & Ruhlen, Merritt, Linguistic Origins of Native Americans, Scientific American, 1992,267 (5): 94–99,doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1192-94 .
  • Hamp, Eric P., Tongass Tlingit and Na-Dene, Berkeley Linguistics Society5, 1979,5: 460–463 .
  • Hymes, Dell, Na-Déné and Positional Analysis of Categories, American Anthropologist, 1956,58 (4): 624–628,doi:10.2307/666161 .
  • Hymes, Dell, Na-Dene ethnopoetics: A preliminary report: Haida and Tlingit, Renner, Egon; Dürr, Michael (编), Language and Culture in North America: Studies in Honor of Heinz-Jürgen Pinnow, Lincom Studies in Native American Linguistics2, Munich: Lincom Europa: 265–311,ISBN 3-89586-004-2 .
  • Kaye, Alan S., Distant Genetic Relationship and Edward Sapir, Semiotica, 1992,91 (3/4): 273–300,doi:10.1515/semi.1992.91.3-4.273 .
  • Krauss, Michael E., Proto-Athapaskan–Eyak and the problem of Na-Dene: The phonology, International Journal of American Linguistics, 1964,30 (2): 118–136,doi:10.1086/464766 .
  • Krauss, Michael E., Proto-Athapaskan–Eyak and the problem of Na-Dene II: The morphology, International Journal of American Linguistics, 1965,31 (1): 18–28,doi:10.1086/464810 .
  • Krauss, Michael E., Noun classification systems in Athapaskan, Eyak, Tlingit, and Haida verbs, International Journal of American Linguistics, 1968,34 (3): 194–203,doi:10.1086/465014 .
  • Krauss, Michael E., Na-Dene, Sebeok, Thomas A. (编), Linguistics in North America, Current Trends in Linguistics10, The Hague: Mouton: 903–978, 1973 .
  • Leer, Jeff, Proto-Athabaskan verb stem variation, part one: Phonology, Alaska Native Language Center Papers1, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, 1979 .
  • Leer, Jeff, Directional systems in Athapaskan and Na-Dene, Cook, Eung-Do; Rice, Keren (编), Athapaskan linguistics: Current perspectives on a language family, Trends in linguistics: State of the art reports15, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter: 575–622, 1989,ISBN 0-89925-282-6 .
  • Leer, Jeff, Kari, James; Potter, Ben , 编,The Dene–Yeniseian Connection, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska, 2010,, 5 (new series): 33–99, 168–193 |chapter=被忽略 (帮助)
  • Leer, Jeff; Hitch, Doug & Ritter, John, Interior Tlingit noun dictionary: The dialects spoken by Tlingit elders of Carcross and Teslin, Yukon, and Atlin, British Columbia, Whitehorse, Yukon Territory: Yukon Native Language Centre, 2001,ISBN 1-55242-227-5 .
  • Levine, Robert D., Haida and Na-Dene: A new look at the evidence, International Journal of American Linguistics, 1979,45 (2): 157–170,doi:10.1086/465587 .
  • Manaster Ramer, A., Sapir's Classifications: Haida and the Other Na-Dene Languages, Anthropological Linguistics, 1996,38 (2): 179–216,doi:10.2307/30028930 .
  • Pinnow, Heinz-Jürgen, Two problems of the historical phonology of Na-Dene languages, International Journal of American Linguistics, 1962,28: 162–166 .[與來源不符]
  • Pinnow, Heinz-Jürgen, On the historical position of Tlingit, International Journal of American Linguistics, 1964,30 (2): 155–164,doi:10.1086/464770 .
  • Pinnow, Heinz-Jürgen, Grundzüge einer historischen Lautlehre des Tlingit, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1966(德语) .(德文)
  • Pinnow, Heinz-Jürgen, Genetic relationships versus borrowing in Na-Dene, International Journal of American Linguistics, 1968a,34 (3): 194–203,doi:10.1086/465015 .
  • Pinnow, Heinz-Jürgen, Sprachhistorische Studien zur Verbstammvariation im Tlingit, Orbis, 1968b,17: 509–531(德语) .Template:De-icon
  • Pinnow, Heinz-Jürgen, Notes on the classifiers in the Na-Dene languages, International Journal of American Linguistics, 1970,36 (1): 63–67,doi:10.1086/465094 .
  • Pinnow, Heinz-Jürgen, Geschichte der Na-Dene-Forschung, Indiana Beihefte5, Berlin: Mann, 1976,ISBN 3-7861-3027-2(德语) .(德文)
  • Pinnow, Heinz-Jürgen, Das Haida als Na-Dene Sprache, Abhandlungen der völkerkundlichen Arbeitsgemeinschaft43–46, Nortorf, Germany: Völkerkundliche Arbeitsgemeinschaft, 1985(德语) .
  • Pinnow, Heinz-Jürgen, Die Na-Dene-Sprachen im Lichte der Greenberg-Klassifikation [The Na-Déné Languages in Light of Greenberg's Classification] 2nd revised, Bredstedt: Druckerei Lempfert, 2006a(德语) .
  • Pinnow, Heinz-Jürgen, Sprachhistorische Untersuchung zur Stellung des Haida als Na-Dene-Sprache, Unveränderte Neuausgabe aus INDIANA 10, Gedenkschrift Gerdt Kutscher. Teil 2 Berlin 1985. Mit einem Anhang: Die Na-Dene-Sprachen im Verhältnis zum Tibeto-Chinesischen (Bredstedt: Druckerei Lempfert), 2006b .
  • Rubicz, R.; Melvin, K. L.; Crawford, M. H., Genetic Evidence for the phylogenetic relationship between Na-Dene and Yeniseian speakers, Human Biology, 2002,74 (6): 743–761,doi:10.1353/hub.2003.0011 .
  • Ruhlen, Merritt, The Origin of Language: Tracing the Evolution of the Mother Tongue, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1994a,ISBN 0-471-58426-6 .
  • Ruhlen, Merritt,The Origin of the Na-Dene,PNAS, 1998,95 (23): 13994–13996 [2015-08-09],PMC 25007可免费查阅,PMID 9811914,doi:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13994, (原始内容存档于2020-05-19) .
  • Sapir, Edward, The Na-Dene languages: A preliminary report, American Anthropologist, 1915,17 (3): 534–558,doi:10.2307/660504 .
  • Thompson, Chad, The Na-Dene middle voice: An impersonal source of the D-element, International Journal of American Linguistics, 1996,62 (4): 351–378,doi:10.1086/466304 .
  • Vajda, Edward, Kari, James; Potter, Ben , 编,The Dene–Yeniseian Connection, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska, 2010,, 5 (new series): 33–99 |chapter=被忽略 (帮助).

外部連結

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非洲
亚非语系
尼日尔-刚果语系
尼罗-撒哈拉语系
科伊桑语系
孤立和未分类语言
欧洲
高加索诸语言
亚洲
不含高加
索地区
中东
北亚和中亚
东亚和东南亚
南亚
分类有争议语言
大洋洲
含马来群
岛东部
巴布亞諸語言
广义跨新几内亚语系
西巴布亚语系英语West Papuan languages
西北巴布亚语系英语Northwest Papuan languages
巴布亚湾语系英语Papuan Gulf languages
东巴布亚语言英语East Papuan languages
其他
澳洲原住民语言
大帕瑪-努干語系英语Macro-Pama–Nyungan languages
塔斯馬尼亞語言
其他
北美洲
含中美洲
大苏族语系英语Macro-Siouan languages
霍坎语系英语Hokan languages
佩纽蒂安语系英语Penutian languages
海湾语系英语Gulf languages
莫桑语系英语Mosan languages
普韦布洛语言联盟英语Pueblo linguistic area
中部美洲语言联盟英语Mesoamerican languages
南美洲
  • 黄色背景语言的区域分类,语言间没有亲属关系
  • 斜体:有争议的分类
  • 星号:有观点认为不属于上级分类
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=納-德內語系&oldid=84163611
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