特徵

出現於

註釋

1. ^Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996)，第111頁.
2. ^Jacobson (1995)，第3頁.
3. ^^3.03.1Asu & Teras (2009)，第368頁.
4. ^Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996)，第107頁.
5. ^Kuruch (1985:529頁)
6. ^^6.06.1Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995)，第6頁.
7. ^Jones (1984:51頁)
8. ^^8.08.1Chirkova & Chen (2013)，第365, 367頁.
9. ^^9.09.1Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013)，第382–383頁.

参考书目

• Asu, Eva Liina; Teras, Pire, Estonian, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2009,39 (3): 367–372,doi:10.1017/s002510030999017x 
• Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya,Xumi, Part 1: Lower Xumi, the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River(PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2013,43 (3): 363–379,doi:10.1017/S0025100313000157 ^{[永久失效連結]}
• Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya; Kocjančič Antolík, Tanja,Xumi, Part 2: Upper Xumi, the Variety of the Upper Reaches of the Shuiluo River(PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2013,43 (3): 381–396,doi:10.1017/S0025100313000169 ^{[永久失效連結]}
• Danyenko, Andrii; Vakulenko, Serhii,Ukrainian, Lincom Europa, 1995 [2017-02-12],ISBN 9783929075083, （原始内容存档于2020-01-16） 
• Jacobson, Steven, A Practical Grammar of the Central Alaskan Yup'ik Eskimo Language, Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center, 1995,ISBN 978-1-55500-050-9 
• Jones, Glyn E., The distinctive vowels and consonants of Welsh, Martin J. Ball and Glyn E. Jones (编), Welsh Phonology: Selected Readings, Cardiff: University of Wales Press: 40–64, 1984,ISBN 0-7083-0861-9 
• Kuruch, Rimma,Краткий грамматический очерк саамского языка(PDF), Moscow, 1985 [2017-02-12], （原始内容存档(PDF)于2017-11-18）（俄语） 
• Ladefoged, Peter;Maddieson, Ian, The Sounds of the World's Languages, Oxford: Blackwell, 1996,ISBN 0-631-19815-6 

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