武侯德戰役武侯德戰役是公元624年发生在沙特阿拉伯西部的汉志地区武侯德山山谷中早期穆斯林和古莱什的麦加人之间的一场战役，双方分别由伊斯兰教创始人穆罕默德和麦加领导人阿布·苏富扬领导，战役结果为平手，穆斯林遭受重大损失，但麦加人未能占领麦地那。
- Gordon, Matthew.The Rise of Islam. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2005-05-30.ISBN 978-0-313-32522-9（英语）.
- Karsh, Efraim.Islamic Imperialism: A History. Yale University Press. 2013.ISBN 978-0-300-20133-8（英语）.
- Lapidus, Ira M.Islamic Societies to the Nineteenth Century: A Global History. Cambridge University Press. 2012.ISBN 978-0-521-51441-5（英语）.
- Lewis, Bernard.The Arabs in History. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. 2002.ISBN 978-0-19-280310-8.
- Buhl, F.; Welch, A.T.Muḥammad. Bosworth, C.E.; Van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P.; Pellat, Ch. (编).Encyclopaedia of Islam7 2nd. Brill: 360–387. 1993.ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2.
- Andrae, Tor; Menzel, Theophil. Mohammed: The Man and His Faith. New York: Harper Torchbook. 1960.OCLC 871364.
- Firestone, Rueven. Jihad: The Origin of Holy War in Islam. Oxford University Press. 1999.ISBN 0-19-512580-0.
- Holt, P. M.;Bernard Lewis. Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 1A. Cambridge University Press. 1977a.ISBN 0-521-29136-4.
- I. Ishaq & A. Guillaume. The Life of Muhammad. Oxford University Press, USA; New Impression edition. October 2002.ISBN 0-19-636033-1.
- Muir, William; Weir, T. H. The Life of Mohammad. Edinburgh: John Grant. 1912.OCLC 5754953.
- Nafziger, George F.; Walton, Mark W.Islam at War: a history. Westport, CT: Praeger. 2003.ISBN 0-275-98101-0.
- Peters, F.E.Muhammad and the Origins of Islam. Albany:SUNY Press. 1994.ISBN 0-7914-1875-8.
- Watt, W. Montgomery.Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. 1956.
- Watt, W. Montgomery.Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. 1961.
- Watt, W. Montgomery (1974).Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman, Oxford University PressISBN 0-19-881078-4
- Watt, W. Montgomery. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press; New edition. 1981.ISBN 0-19-577307-1.
