啟示錄在傳統上認為與約翰福音、約翰書信同樣是使徒約翰所寫,認為是他在羅馬皇帝圖密善在位期間被流放到拔摩島時,受到啟示而寫成。啟示錄作者多次聲稱自己就是“約翰”(啟1:1,4,9;22:8),並且說明自己是在拔摩島接受了他的第一個異象(啟 1:9;4:1-2),因此有時也稱為“拔摩的約翰”。殉道者游斯丁(約公元100-165)曾經提到這本書,認為出自使徒約翰。游斯丁認識坡旅甲,而坡旅甲曾經是使徒約翰的學生。[17]愛任紐(約公元115-202)也接受這個說法。根據聖經百科《The Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible》,現代學者的意見分歧,包含使徒說和其他幾種近一百年提出的替代假說。[18]威瑟林顿認為,語言學上的證據顯示:這些書的作者不太可能是同一個人。[19]
^Strelan, Rick,Luke the Priest: The Authority of the Author of the Third Gospel. (Ashgate Publishing, 2013).
^For discussion of Mark, see Schröter, Jens, "Gospel of Mark" in Aune, David (ed.),The Blackwell Companion to the New Testament (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010), pp. 281–2; Hare, Douglas R. A.,Mark (Westminster John Knox Press, 1996), pp. 3–5; and"More on Mark and Peter"互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2015-10-16. on Bart Ehrman's blog (June 3, 2013). For discussion of Matthew, see Repschinski, Boris, "Forschungbericht: Matthew and Judaism" inThe Controversy Stories in the Gospel of Matthew(Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1998), pp.13–61; and"Was Matthew a Jew?" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) on Bart Ehrman's blog (June 17, 2013).
^Bart Ehrman,Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium (Oxford University Press, 1999) pages 43-44.
^Gerd Theissen, The Gospels in Context (Continuum, 2004), page 290.
^Merrill C. Tenney, gen. ed. "Revelation, Book of the."Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible. Vol. 5 (Q-Z). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2009.
^Ben Witherington, Revelation (Cambridge University Press, 2003) page 2.
^Metzger B. The Text of the New Testament. Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration. Fourth Edition. Bruce M. Metzger and Bart D. Ehrman
^Aland, K. and Aland, B.The text of the New Testament (9780802840981)
^Koester, Helmut:Introduction to the New Testament. Philadelphia, 1982, volume 2, p. 172.
^Davies, W. D. and Allison, Dale C.:A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on The Gospel according to Saint Matthew, 3 volumes. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1988-1997, see volume 1, pp. 33-58.
^Allen C. Myers (编). Aramaic. The Eerdmans Bible Dictionary. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans: 72. 1987.ISBN 0-8028-2402-1.It is generally agreed that Aramaic was the common language of Israel in the 1st century CE. Jesus and his disciples spoke the Galilean dialect, which was distinguished from that of Jerusalem (Matt. 26:73).
^See Gamble, Harry Y.:The New Testament Canon: Its Making and Meaning. Guides to Biblical Scholarship; Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985.
^Three forms are postulated, fromThe Canon Debate, chapter 18, page 300, note 21, attributed to Harry Y. Gamble: "(1) Marcion's collection that begins with Galatians and ends with Philemon; (2) Papyrus 46, dated about 200, that follows the order that became established except for reversing Ephesians and Galatians; and (3) the letters to seven churches, treating those to the same church as one letter and basing the order on length, so that Corinthians is first and Colossians (perhaps including Philemon) is last."
^Ferguson, Everett. "Factors leading to the Selection and Closure of the New Testament Canon," inThe Canon Debate. eds. L. M. McDonald & J. A. Sanders (Hendrickson, 2002) pp. 301.
^McGuckin, John A. "Origen as Literary Critic in the Alexandrian Tradition.” 121-37 in vol. 1 of 'Origeniana octava: Origen and the Alexandrian Tradition.' Papers of the 8th International Origen Congress (Pisa, 27–31 August 2001). Edited by L. Perrone. Bibliotheca Ephemeridum theologicarum Lovaniensium 164. 2 vols. Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2003.
^Brakke, David. "Canon Formation and Social Conflict in Fourth Century Egypt: Athanasius of Alexandria's Thirty Ninth Festal Letter," inHarvard Theological Review 87 (1994) pp. 395–419
^McDonald & Sanders'The Canon Debate, Appendix D-2, note 19: "Revelation was added later in 419 at the subsequent synod of Carthage."
^Ferguson, Everett. "Factors leading to the Selection and Closure of the New Testament Canon," inThe Canon Debate. eds. L. M. McDonald & J. A. Sanders (Hendrickson, 2002) p. 320; F. F. Bruce,The Canon of Scripture (Intervarsity Press, 1988) p. 230
^Ferguson, Everett. "Factors leading to the Selection and Closure of the New Testament Canon," inThe Canon Debate. eds. L. M. McDonald & J. A. Sanders (Hendrickson, 2002) p. 320
^Metzger, Bruce. The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origins, Development, and Significance. Oxford: Clarendon. 1987: 237–238.