^"Para los autores árabes medievales, el término al-Andalus designa la totalidad de las zonas conquistadas - siquiera temporalmente - por tropas arabo-musulmanas en territorios actualmente pertenecientes a Portugal, Espana y Francia" ("For the medieval Arab authors, al-Andalus designates all the conquered areas - even temporarily - by Arab-Muslim troops in territories now belonging to Portugal, Spain and France"),José Ángel García de Cortázar(西班牙语:José Ángel García de Cortázar),V Semana de Estudios Medievales: Nájera, 1 al 5 de agosto de 1994, Gobierno de La Rioja, Instituto de Estudios Riojanos, 1995, p.52.
^"Los arabes y musulmanes de la Edad Media aplicaron el nombre de al-andalus a todas aquellas tierras que habian formado parte del reino visigodo : la Peninsula Ibérica y la Septimania ultrapirenaica." ("The Arabs and Muslims from the Middle Ages used t he name of al-Andalus to all those lands that were formerly part of the Visigothic kingdom: the Iberian Peninsula and Septimania"),Eloy Benito Ruano(西班牙语:Eloy Benito Ruano),Tópicos y realidades de la Edad Media, Real Academia de la Historia, 2000, p.79.
^"Andalus, al-"Oxford Dictionary of Islam. John L. Esposito, Ed. Oxford University Press. 2003. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Accessed 12 June 2006.
^Bossong, Georg. Restle, David; Zaefferer, Dietmar , 编.Der Name al-Andalus: neue Überlegungen zu einem alten Problem [The Name al-Andalus: Revisiting an Old Problem](PDF). Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs. Sounds and systems: studies in structure and change. (Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton). 2002,141: 149 [2020-04-22].ISBN 978-3-11-089465-3.ISSN 1861-4302. (原始内容存档(PDF)于2008-06-27)(德语).Only a few years after the Islamic conquest of Spain,Al-Andalus appears in coin inscriptions as the Arabic equivalent ofHispania. The traditionally held view that the etymology of this name has to do with the Vandals is shown to have no serious foundation. The phonetic, morphosyntactic, and historical problems connected with this etymology are too numerous. Mo reover, the existence of this name in various parts of central and northern Spain proves thatAl-Andalus cannot be derived from thisGermanic tribe. It was the original name of the Punta Marroquí cape near Tarifa; very soon, it became generalized to designate the whole Peninsula. Undoubtedly, the name is of Pre-Indo-European origin. The parts of this compound (anda andluz) are frequent in the indigenous toponymy of the Iberian Peninsula.
^Makki, Mahmoud. "The Political History of Al-Andalus".
^Kennedy, Hugh (2014). Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus. Routledge. p. 35.ISBN 978-1-317-87041-8..
^"Abd al-Rahman I". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved October 14, 2020..
^newsthelinks (May 29, 2020). "Abbas Ibn Firnas: the first human to fly | The Links News". Retrieved October 14, 2020.
^TheBiography.us; TheBiography.us. "Biography of Emir de al-Andalus Abd al-Rahman o Abderramán II (792–852)".thebiography.us. Archived from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved October 14, 2020.