| International Peace Bureau | |
 | |
| 簡稱 | IPB |
|---|---|
| 成立時間 | 1891年，133年前（1891） |
| 類型 | 非政府組織 |
| 總部 | 柏林  |
| 坐標 | 52°31′21″N13°23′01″E / 52.522454°N 13.383641°E /52.522454; 13.383641 |
| 標語 | 裁軍促進發展（Disarmament for Development） |
| 目標 | 獻給沒有戰爭的世界（Dedicated to a world without war） |
| 獎項 | 诺贝尔和平奖 |
| 網站 | www.ipb.org |
国际和平局（英語：International Peace Bureau, IPB）是成立于1891年的國際非政府組織[1]，是世界上最早成立的国际和平组织，1910年获得诺贝尔和平奖[2][3]。1913年，亨利·拉方丹也以国际和平局局長的身份获得诺贝尔和平奖[4][5]。截至2012年，共有12名国际和平局成员獲得诺贝尔和平奖[6]。
TheInternational Peace Bureau (IPB) (法語：Bureau international de la paix), founded in 1891,[1]is one of the world's oldest internationalpeace federations. The organisation was awarded theNobel Peace Prize in 1910 for acting "as a link between the peace societies of the various countries".[2][7]In 1913Henri La Fontaine was also awarded the Prize "[For his work as] head of the International Peace Bureau".[4][8]截至2012年 (2012-Missing required parameter 1=month!)[update], eleven other Nobel Peace Prize laureates have been members of the IPB.[9]
Its membership consists of 300 organizations in 70 countries.[10]IPB's headquarters are located inBerlin, Germany, with offices inBarcelona, Spain, andGeneva, Switzerland. Prior to 2017, the headquarters were in Geneva.
Its main programmes are theGlobal Campaign on Military Spending (GCOMS) anddisarmament for sustainable development, which focuses both on nuclear and conventional weapons, as well as biological weapons, landmines, and small arms.[10][11]
IPB holds Consultative Status with theUnited Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and associate status with theUnited Nations Department of Global Communications.[10]
IPB was founded under the namePermanent International Peace Bureau (Bureau International Permanent de la Paix). From 1912 onward it used the nameInternational Peace Bureau. Between 1946 and 1961, it was known under the nameInternational Liaison Committee of Organizations for Peace – ILCOP (Comité de liaison international des organisations de paix – CLIOP).
The Global Campaign on Military Spending (GCOMS) is a permanent, global, year-round campaign that was created in December 2014 by the IPB to tackle the worldwide issue of excessive military spending.[12]
The aim of the campaign is to pressure the world's governments to invest money in the sectors of health, education, employment and climate change rather than military. It also calls for an annual, minimum reallocation of 10% from the military budgets of all states. Finally, it advocates the reduction of arms production and international weapons trade.[13]
The campaign organises the Global Day of Action on Military Spending (GDAMS) to bring public, media and political attention to the costs of military spending and the need to invest in new priorities.[14]
GCOMS is managed from the decentralisedBarcelona, Spain, office of IPB in coordination with Centre Delàs of Peace Studies. More than 100 organisations from 35 countries have joined the campaign.[15]
IPB has been in the forefront of nuclear disarmament activities since 1945, including:
Currently, the IPB is campaigning to encourage the signing and ratification of the TPNW so that it may enter into force.[16]
Established in 1992, theSeán MacBride Peace Prize is awarded by the International Peace Bureau to a person or organisation that "has done outstanding work for peace, disarmament and/or human rights."[17][18]It is named afterSeán MacBride, aNobel Peace Prize winner who was chairman of the IPB from 1968 to 1974 and president from 1974 to 1985.[19][20]
The following are the recipients of the Seán MacBride Peace Prize since its inception in 1992:[17]
| Year | Recipient | Notes | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | Michael D. Higgins | ||
| 1993 | Motarilavoa Hilda Lini | Played a key role in the WHO's decision to approve a request to the World Court on the legal status of nuclear weapons. | |
| 1994 | Mordechai Vanunu | Sentenced to 18 years solitary confinement for revealing details of Israel's nuclear arsenal. | |
| 1995 | The Committee of Soldiers' Mothers of Russia | Foremost among Russian citizens’ groups opposing the war in Chechnya. | |
| 1996 | Selim Bešlagić | For "his fight against nationalism, ethnic cleansing and intolerance during his country's war." | [21] |
| 1997 | Seeds of Hope Group | For disarming a Hawk aircraft bound for Indonesia. | |
| 1998 | John Hume | For "his contribution to the Northern Ireland peace process." | [22] |
| 1999 | Barbara Gladysch | For her "extraordinary and year-long commitment to disarmament and practical solidarity with victims of wars and disasters." | [23] |
| 2000 | 1)Praful Bidwai 2) Achin Vanaik | For being at the "forefront of the international campaign against the nuclearisation of South Asia." | [24] |
| 2001 | Rosalie Bertell | For "her lifelong engagement to the cause of peace and for her deep concern for the well-being of peoples all over the planet. | [25] |
| 2002 | Barbara Lee | For "her sole vote against the bombing of Afghanistan." | [26] |
| 2003 | Nihon Hidankyō | Survivors of the A bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. They have devoted the rest of their lives to the elimination of nuclear weapons. | |
| 2004 | Geneva Initiative on the Middle East | ||
| 2005 | No award made | ||
| 2006 | Mayors for Peace: | For "its achievements in arousing international public demand for the abolition of nuclear weapons and lasting world peace." | [27] |
| 2007 | Jayantha Dhanapala | For "his dedication to the cause of disarmament and his initiatives towards creating the Central Asian Nuclear-Weapons Free Zone." | [28] |
| 2008 | Jacqueline Cabasso | For "her years of outstanding work with NGOs and initiatives toward peace and the abolition of nuclear weapons." | [29] |
| 2009 | Betty Reardon | For "her contribution to peace education and to the wider peace movement." | [30] |
| 2010 | Binalakshmi Nepram | For "her extraordinary efforts to promote disarmament and an end to gun violence in India." | [31] |
| 2011 | 1)Hanaa Edwar 2) Dr. Peter Becker | 1) For "her contribution to the advancement of democracy and human rights, as well as her firm stand against violence and war;" 2) For his work with the German section of the International Association of Lawyers Against Nuclear Arms (IALANA). | [32][33] |
| 2012 | 1)Lina Ben Mhenni 2)Nawal El Saadawi | For showing "great courage and ... substantial contributions to what is known as the Arab Spring." | [34] |
| 2013 | Chelsea Manning | For her "courageous actions in revealing information about US war crimes." | [35] |
| 2014 | The People and Government of theRepublic of the Marshall Islands | For "courageously taking the nine nuclear weapons-possessing countries to the International Court of Justice to enforce compliance with the Non-Proliferation Treaty and international customary law." | [36] |
| 2015 | The People and the Island Communities ofLampedusa, Italy andJeju Island, South Korea | For showing "a profound commitment to peace and social justice." | [37] |
| 2016 | IPB Secretary-General Colin Archer | For 26 years "in the service of peace and of the IPB community." | [38] |
| 2017 | 1) All Okinawa Council Against Henoko New Base 2)Noam Chomsky 3)Jeremy Corbyn | 1) For "its unflagging commitment to close the Futemna Marine Air Base, and for its nonviolent opposition to the construction of a massive new air, land and sea base in Henoko;" 2) For his "tireless commitment to peace, his strong critiques to U.S. foreign policy, and his anti-imperialism;" 3) For his "sustained and powerful political work for disarmament and peace." | [18] |
| 2018 | 1) Association For Historical Dialogue and Research and Home for Cooperation 2) Helena Maleno 3)Douglas Roche | 1) For its "efforts and promotion of [a] Culture of Peace and as well as the peace building activities;" 2) For her "efforts to save hundreds of lives in the Mediterranean Sea, and her strong commitment to defending human rights;" 3) For his "tireless efforts to promote international peace and disarmament." | [39] |
| 2019 | 1)Bruce Kent 2) Elayne Whyte Gómez | 1) An "internationally known peace activist and a 'real peace hero' who, even in his 90th year, remains an active campaigner and organizer for peace and human rights." 2) For "her invaluable contribution to the completion of the historic Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons." | [40] |
| 2020 | Black Lives Matter | For its ‘leading roles in building resistance to and transforming local policies against systemic police violence and extrajudicial murders of Black people across the United States.’ | [41] |
At the Triennial Assembly held in London on October 19 2019, a new group of IPB officials was elected.[42]
The current co-presidents are:[42]
| Country | Name |
|---|---|
 英国 | Philip Jennings |
 義大利 | Lisa Clark |
The current Treasurer is:[42]
| Country | Name |
|---|---|
 德国 | Lucas Wirl |
The vice-presidents deputise for the president when necessary. The current vice-presidents are:[42]
| Country | Name |
|---|---|
 西班牙 | Jordi Calvo |
 菲律賓 | Corazon Valdez Fabros |
 美国 | Joseph Gerson |
| 英国 | Dave Webb |
The board members are the following:[42]
| Country | Name |
|---|---|
 法國 | Alain Rouy |
| 法國 | Arielle Denis |
 印度 | Binalakshmi Nepram |
 蒙古国 | Enkhsaikhan Jargalsaikhan |
 韩国 | Jun Kyu Lee |
 阿根廷 | Patricia Perez |
 日本 | Rieko Asato-Kodama |
 加拿大 | Yeshua Moser-Puangsuwan |
| 加拿大 | Steve Staples |
 比利时 | Etienne De Jonghe |
The Council members are the following persons:[42]
| Country | Name |
|---|---|
| 印度 | Surender Singh Rajpurohit |
 加纳 | Kwaku Addai |
| 法國 | Lisa Silvestre |
| 韩国 | A-Young Moon |
| 英国 | Sara Medi Jones |
| 比利时 | Chloé Meulewaeter |
 哥伦比亚 | Angelo Cardona |
| 美国 | Emily Rubino |
| 美国 | Ann Wright |
| 印度 | Jurvey Balkrishna |
 奈及利亞 | Ejimole Fidel Onwuekwe |
 俄羅斯 | Oleg Viktorovich Bodrov |
| 加拿大 | Tamara Lorincz |
| 英国 | Jenny Clegg |
| 德国 | Stephan Möhrle |
The staff members are the following persons:[42]
| Country | Name |
|---|---|
| 德国 | Reiner Braun |
 波黑 | Amela Skiljan |
| 西班牙 | Quique Sánchez |
IPB's work was rewarded by the Nobel Peace Prize in 1910, which has also been awarded to some of its members:[43]
The IPB has a co-president system that ensures a gender-balance among leadership. Each president can currently serve up to two terms of three years.[44]
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