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维基百科自由的百科全书
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各国伊斯兰教

维基百科,自由的百科全书
世界各国穆斯林人口百分比(皮尤研究中心、2018年)
  0–1%
  1–5%
  5–25%
  25–50%
  50–75%
  75–90%
  90–100%

伊斯兰是仅次于基督教的世界第二大宗教。根据2011年发布的一项研究[1][2],伊斯兰教拥有16亿信徒,占据超过世界人口的23%[3][4]

伊斯兰教在中东萨赫勒非洲之角北非地区是主导宗教[1][5][6][7]亚洲部分地区[8]。在中国巴尔干俄罗斯也可以找到庞大的穆斯林社群[1][9]。世界上其他地区同样有着大规模的穆斯林移民社群,例如在西欧伊斯兰教是次于基督教的第二大宗教,代表了6%的总人口[10]

根据皮尤研究中心的数据,在2010年有49个穆斯林为主要群体的国家[11] 世界上62%人口的穆斯林居住在南亚东南亚,有着超过十亿的信徒[12]。拥有最多穆斯林人口的国家是印度尼西亚,一个拥有世界上12.7%穆斯林的世俗国家。其后是巴基斯坦(11.0%)、印度(10.9%)和孟加拉国(9.2%)[1][13]。20%的穆斯林生活在中东阿拉伯国家[14],而土耳其伊朗这两个非阿拉伯国家则是中东地区最大的穆斯林主体国家;埃及尼日利亚则有着非洲最大的穆斯林社群[1][13]。研究也发现英国的穆斯林人口要比黎巴嫩的多,中国同样比叙利亚的多[1]

国家/地區

[编辑]

表格的前三列是基于皮尤研究中心的人口统计,《全球穆斯林人口的未来》,2017年报告。[1][2]

表格

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系列條目
伊斯兰教
阿拉伯文書法中的阿拉
国家/地区[1]總人口穆斯林人口穆斯林占总人口的百分比(%)占世界穆斯林人口的百分比(%)其他来源
阿富汗34,940,83734,836,01499.61.8[15]
阿尔巴尼亚3,057,2201,797,64558.80.1[16][17]
阿尔及利亚41,657,48841,240,913992.7[18]
美属萨摩亚50,826< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1[19]
安道尔85,7082,2282.6< 0.1[20][21]
安哥拉30,355,88090,0000.3< 0.1[22][23]
安圭拉17,422< 1,0000.6< 0.1[24][25]
安地卡及巴布達95,882< 1,0000.3< 0.1[26]
阿根廷44,694,198400,0000.9< 1[27][23]
亞美尼亞3,038,2173,0380.1< 0.1[28][29]
阿鲁巴116,576< 1,0000.4< 0.1[30][31]
澳大利亞25,000,000650,0002.6< 0.1[32]
奥地利8,900,000712,0008< 0.1[33][34]
阿塞拜疆10,046,5169,735,07496.90.5[35]
巴哈马332,634< 1,0000.1< 0.1[36]
巴林1,442,6591,063,23973.7< 0.1[37]
孟加拉国170,000,000153,700,00090.49.2[38][39]
巴巴多斯293,1314,3961.5< 0.1[40]
白俄羅斯9,527,54345,000 - 100,0000.5-1.0< 0.1[41][42][43]
比利时11,570,762879,3777.6< 0.1[44][45]
伯利兹385,854< 1,0000.2< 0.1[46][47]
贝宁11,340,5043,141,31927.70.14[48]
百慕大71,176< 1,0001< 0.1[49]
不丹766,397≤ 2,0000.2< 0.1[50][51]
玻利维亚11,306,3412,000< 0.1< 0.1[52][53]
波黑3,849,8911,955,08450.70.1[54]
博茨瓦纳2,249,1048,9960.4< 0.1[55][56]
巴西208,846,89235,167 - 1,500,0000.02 - 0.7< 0.1[57][58]
英屬維爾京群島35,802< 1,0001.2< 0.1[59]
汶萊450,565355,04578.8< 0.1[60]
保加利亚7,057,504861,01513.4< 0.1[61][62]
布吉納法索19,742,71512,141,76961.50.6[63]
緬甸55,622,5062,391,7674.30.1[64]
布隆迪11,844,5201,184,45210< 0.1[65][66]
柬埔寨16,449,519312,54011.9< 0.1[67]
喀麦隆25,640,9657,692,289300.4[68][69]
加拿大35,881,6591,148,2133.20.1[70]
佛得角568,37311,3672< 0.1[71][72]
开曼群岛59,613< 1,0000.2< 0.1[73]
中非5,745,062861,75915< 0.1[74]
乍得15,833,1169,183,207580.4[75][72]
智利17,925,2624,000< 0.1< 0.1[76][77]
中國1,390,000,0006,255,000 - 50,000,0000.45 – 30.4 – 2.8[78][79]

[80][81][82]

科科斯(基林)群島596< 1,00080< 0.1[83][84]
哥伦比亚48,168,99696,3370.2< 0.1[85][86]
科摩罗821,164807,20498.3< 0.1[87]
刚果民主共和国85,281,02412,792,153100.1[88][89]
庫克群島9,038< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1[90]
哥斯达黎加4,987,142< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1[91]
科特迪瓦26,260,58211,265,78942.90.5[92]
克罗地亚4,270,48064,0571.5< 0.1[93]
古巴11,116,39611,1160.1< 0.1[94]
賽普勒斯1,237,088350,00028.2< 0.1[95][96]
捷克10,686,26910,000 - 20,0000.1 – 0.2< 0.1[97][45]
丹麦5,809,502313,7135.4< 0.1[98][45]
吉布提884,017857,496970.1[99][100]
多米尼克74,027< 1,0000.2< 0.1[101]
多米尼加10,298,7562,000< 0.1< 0.1[102][103]
厄瓜多尔16,498,502< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1[104][105]
埃及95,000,00085,000,000 - 90,000,00090-94.74.9[106][107]
薩爾瓦多6,187,2712,000< 0.1< 0.1[108][109]
赤道几内亚797,45779,74510< 0.1[110][111]
厄立特里亚6,000,0002,160,000 - 3,100,00036–51.60.1[112][113][114]
爱沙尼亚1,244,2881,508< 0.1<0.1-0.2[115]
衣索比亞105,000,00035,600,00033.91.8[116]
法罗群岛51,018< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1[117]
福克蘭群島3,198< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1[118]
密克羅尼西亞聯邦103,643< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1[119]
斐济926,27658,3556.3< 0.1[120]
芬兰5,537,364150,0002.7< 0.1[121][45]
法國67,000,0005,720,0008.80.3[122]
法属圭亚那281,6122,4000.9< 0.1
法屬玻里尼西亞290,373< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1[123]
加彭2,119,036211,90310< 0.1[124][125]
冈比亚2,092,7312,002,74395.70.1[126]
格鲁吉亚4,926,087527,09110.7< 0.1[127]
德国83,000,0004,500,000 - 5,000,0005.4 - 60.2[2][128]
加纳28,102,4715,058,444180.2[129][72]
直布罗陀29,4611,1504< 0.1[130][131]
希腊10,761,523613,4065.7< 0.1[132][45]
格陵兰57,691< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1[133]
格瑞那達112,207< 1,0000.3< 0.1[134]
瓜德罗普402,1192,0000.4< 0.1
關島167,772< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1[135]
危地马拉16,581,2731,200< 0.1< 0.1[136][137]
几内亚11,855,41110,563,17189.10.5[138]
几内亚比绍1,833,247826,79445.1< 0.1[139]
圭亚那740,68555,0007.3< 0.1[140]
海地10,788,4405,000< 0.1< 0.1[141][142]
洪都拉斯9,182,76630,0000.3< 0.1[143][144]
香港7,213,338295,7464.1< 0.1[145][146]
匈牙利9,825,70440,000 - 60,0000.4 – 0.6< 0.1[45][147][148]
冰島343,518< 1,0000.2< 0.1[149][150]
印度1,370,000,000195,000,00014.210.9[151]
印度尼西亞263,000,000229,000,00087.212.7[152]
伊朗83,000,00082,500,00099.44.6[153]
伊拉克40,194,21638,465,86495.71.9[154][155]
愛爾蘭5,068,05070,9521.4< 0.1[156][45]
马恩岛89,407< 1,0000.2< 0.1[157]
以色列8,424,9041,516,482180.1[158][159]
義大利62,246,6742,987,8404.80.1[160][45]
牙买加2,812,0905,6240.2< 0.1[161][162]
日本126,168,156185,0000.1< 0.1[163][164]
约旦10,458,41310,165,57797.20.4[165]
哈萨克斯坦18,744,54813,158,67270.20.5[166]
肯尼亚48,397,5275,500,00011.20.2[167]
基里巴斯109,367< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1[168]
科索沃1,907,5921,823,65795.60.1[169]
科威特2,916,4672,175,68474.60.2[170]
吉尔吉斯斯坦5,849,2964,679,436800.3[171][172]
老挝7,234,1711,000< 0.1< 0.1[173][174]
拉脫維亞1,923,5592,0000.1-0.2< 0.1[175][176]
黎巴嫩6,100,0753,519,74357.70.2[177]
賴索托1,962,4613,0000.1< 0.1[178]
利比里亚4,809,768961,95320< 0.1[179][180]
利比亞6,754,5076,551,871970.4[181][182]
列支敦斯登38,0002,0505.4< 0.1[183]
立陶宛2,793,2843,0000.1< 0.1[184][185]
盧森堡605,76418,1723< 0.1[186][187]
澳門606,340< 1,0000.1< 0.1[188][189]
马达加斯加25,683,6102,568,36110< 0.1[190][191]
马拉维19,842,5603,968,512200.1[192][193]
马来西亚31,809,66016,318,35561.31.1[194]
馬爾地夫392,473386,19398.4< 0.1[195][196]
马里18,429,89317,508,398950.8[197][72]
馬爾他449,04311,6752.6< 0.1[198][199]
马绍尔群岛75,684< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1[200]
马提尼克385,551< 1,0000.2< 0.1
毛里塔尼亚3,840,4293,840,4291000.2[201]
模里西斯1,364,283236,02017.3< 0.1[202]
马约特256,518253,43997< 0.1[203]
墨西哥131,959,2055,5000.01< 0.01[204][205]
摩尔多瓦3,437,72015,0000.4< 0.1[206][207]
 摩納哥30,727< 1,0000.8< 0.1[208][209]
蒙古国3,103,428150,0005< 0.1[210][211]
蒙特內哥羅614,249122,84919.1< 0.1[212]
蒙特塞拉特5,315< 1,0000.1< 0.1[213]
摩洛哥38,314,13037,930,989992[214]
莫桑比克27,233,7893,830,06317.90.3[215][216]
纳米比亚2,413,6439,6540.4< 0.1
瑙鲁10,084< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1
尼泊尔29,218,8671,292,9094.20.1[217]
荷蘭17,254,300880,0005.10.1[218]
荷属安的列斯304,759< 1,0000.2< 0.1
新喀里多尼亞278,5007,0002.8< 0.1
新西兰4,903,80041,0000.9< 0.1
尼加拉瓜6,284,7571,000< 0.1< 0.1
尼日尔21,466,86321,101,92698.31[219]
奈及利亞200,000,00095,000,000 - 103,000,00047.6-51.65.3[2][220]
 纽埃1,611< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1
朝鲜25,610,6723,0000.1< 0.1
北馬其頓2,118,945705,60833.3< 0.1[221]
北马里亚纳群岛56,200< 1,0000.7< 0.1
挪威5,312,343100,000 - 185,0005.7< 0.1[45]
阿曼4,633,7522,427,00085.90.2[222]
巴基斯坦207,774,520200,400,00096.511.1[223][224]
帛琉17,900< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1
巴勒斯坦4,780,9784,298,00097.50.3
巴拿马4,158,78325,0000.7< 0.1
巴布亚新几内亚8,558,8002,000< 0.1< 0.1
巴拉圭7,052,9831,000< 0.1< 0.1
秘魯31,237,385< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1
菲律賓106,463,0005,127,084 - 10,700,0005 - 110.3 - 0.6[225][226]
波蘭38,430,0006,796[227]0.02< 0.1
葡萄牙10,291,02765,0000.4< 0.1
波多黎各3,337,1771,000< 0.1< 0.1
卡塔尔2,450,2851,566,78677.50.1[228]
刚果共和国5,399,895107,9972< 0.1[229]
留尼汪865,82636,3644.2< 0.1[230]
羅馬尼亞19,524,00073,000 - 200,0000.3-1.0< 0.1[231]
俄羅斯146,877,08815,000,000 - 25,000,00010 - 171[232][233]

[234]

卢旺达12,001,136576,0544.8< 0.1[235]
聖赫勒拿4,534< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1
圣基茨和尼维斯46,204< 1,0000.3< 0.1
圣卢西亚178,844< 1,0000.1< 0.1
圣皮埃尔和密克隆6,286< 1,0000.2< 0.1
圣文森特和格林纳丁斯109,5572,0001.7< 0.1
萨摩亚199,052< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1
圣马力诺33,344< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1
聖多美和普林西比199,9105,9313< 0.1[236]
沙烏地阿拉伯33,413,66031,878,00097.11.6
塞内加尔15,726,03715,112,72196.10.8[237]
塞爾維亞7,001,444221,4603.1< 0.1[238]
塞舌尔94,2051,0361.1< 0.1[239]
塞拉利昂7,719,7296,067,70678.60.3[240]
新加坡5,612,253721,000 - 842,11614.7< 0.1[241][242]
斯洛伐克5,443,12010,8660.1-0.2< 0.1[45]
斯洛維尼亞2,066,88073,5683.6< 0.1[45]
所罗门群岛667,044< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1
索马里11,000,00010,978,00099.80.6[243]
南非57,725,6001,050,0001.9< 0.1[244][245]
韩国51,635,25635,0000.1< 0.1
南蘇丹12,323,4192,464,68320< 0.1[246]
西班牙46,659,3021,180,0002.60.1[45]
斯里蘭卡21,700,0002,105,0009.70.1[247]
苏丹40,825,77039,585,777971.9[248]
苏里南600,00083,40013.9< 0.1.[249]
斯威士兰1,159,250129,23010< 0.1[250]
瑞典10,182,291800,0008.1< 0.1[2][45]
瑞士8,492,956440,0005.2< 0.1[251]
叙利亚18,000,00016,700,000931[252]
臺灣23,576,70560,0000.3< 0.1[253][254]
塔吉克斯坦8,931,0007,621,70096.70.4[255][256][257]
坦桑尼亚54,199,16319,426,81435.20.8[258]
泰國70,000,0003,000,0004.30.2[259]}}
东帝汶1,261,4071,0000.1< 0.1
多哥7,352,0001,593,011200.1[260]
托克勞1,499< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1
汤加100,651< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1
千里達及托巴哥1,356,63378,0005.8< 0.1
突尼西亞11,446,30011,190,00099.80.6
土耳其80,810,52579,000,000 - 80,700,00098.6 – 99.84.6[261][262]
土库曼斯坦5,851,4664,830,00093.30.3
特克斯和凯科斯群岛37,910< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1
图瓦卢10,640< 1,0000.1< 0.1
乌干达38,823,1005,435,234140.3[263]
乌克兰42,263,873390,000 - 1,000,0000.9 - 2.5< 0.1[264][265]
阿联酋9,541,6154,615,081760.2[266]

[267]

英国66,040,2294,130,0006.30.2[45]
美国327,827,0003,450,0001.10.2[268]
美屬維爾京群島104,914< 1,0000.1< 0.1
乌拉圭3,505,985< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1
乌兹别克斯坦32,653,90026,550,00096.51.7[252]
瓦努阿图304,500< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1
梵蒂冈800000
委內瑞拉31,304,016125,2160.4< 0.1[269]
越南96,160,16396,1600.1< 0.1[270][270]
瓦利斯和富图纳15,714< 1,000< 0.1< 0.1[271]
西撒哈拉603,253599,63399.4< 0.1[272][273]
葉門28,036,82927,784,49899.11.5[274][275]
尚比亞16,887,720168,8771< 0.1[72]
辛巴威14,000,000100,0000.7< 0.1[276]

洲分

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區域穆斯林人口穆斯林占总人口的百分比(%)占世界穆斯林人口的百分比(%)
Zh !亞洲1,200,000,00024.366.7
Zh !中亞54,000,000[277]81[278]3.0
Zi !南亞600,000,000[279][280]31.4[281][282]30.6[283][284]
Zj !東南亞240,000,000[285]40.013.3
Zj !東亞50,000,000[82]3.12.8
Zk !中東-北非315,322,000[286] -488,603,83891.227.1
Zh !非洲550,000,0004730.6
Zl !撒哈拉以南非洲283,302,39329.615.7
Zh !北美洲3,500,000 -7,000,000[287]1.0[288]0.4
Zh !南美洲791,0000.20.04
Zm !歐洲44,138,0006.02.7
Zh !大洋洲650,0001.60.04
Zo !世界1,800,000,000[289]24.1100.0

参考文献

[编辑]
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  3. ^Executive Summary. The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. [2011-12-22]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26). 
  4. ^Christian Population as Percentages of Total Population by Country. Global Christianity. Pew Research Center. [2011-12-22]. (原始内容存档于2012-01-07). 
  5. ^Region: Middle East-North Africa. The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. [2011-12-22]. (原始内容存档于2013-03-09). 
  6. ^Region: Sub-Saharan Africa. The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. [2011-12-22]. (原始内容存档于2013-03-09). 
  7. ^Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Book of the Year 2003. Encyclopædia Britannica, (2003)ISBN 978-0-85229-956-2 p.306
    According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, as of mid-2002, there were 376,453,000 Christians, 329,869,000 Muslims and 98,734,000 people who practiced traditional religions in Africa.Ian S. Markham, (A World Religions Reader. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1996.)页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) is cited by Morehouse University as giving the mid-1990s figure of 278,250,800 Muslims in Africa, but still as 40.8% of the total population. These numbers are estimates, and remain a matter of conjecture. See Amadu Jacky Kaba. The spread of Christianity and Islam in Africa: a survey and analysis of the numbers and percentages of Christians, Muslims and those who practice indigenous religions. The Western Journal of Black Studies, Vol 29, Number 2, June 2005. Discusses the estimations of various almanacs and encyclopedium, placing Britannica's estimate as the most agreed figure. Notes the figure presented at theWorld Christian Encyclopedia, summarized here页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), as being an outlier. On rates of growth, Islam and Pentecostal Christianity are highest, see:The List: The World’s Fastest-Growing Religions页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Foreign Policy, May 2007.
  8. ^Britannica页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),Think Quest页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),Wadsworth.com页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  9. ^Secrets of Islam页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),U.S. News & World Report. Information provided by the International Population Center, Department of Geography,San Diego State University (2005).
  10. ^See:
  11. ^Muslim-Majority Countries. The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. [2011-12-22]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-25). 
  12. ^Region: Asia-Pacific. The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. [2011-12-22]. (原始内容存档于2013-03-09). 
  13. ^13.013.1Number of Muslim by country. nationmaster.com. [2007-05-30]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24). 
  14. ^See:
    • Esposito (2002b), p.21
    • Esposito (2004), pp.2,43
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  17. ^Albanian census 2011(PDF). [2014-03-24]. (原始内容(PDF)存档于2014-11-14). 
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  21. ^Andorra. U.S. Department of State. [2018-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-26). 
  22. ^Africa :: Angola — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-25). 
  23. ^23.023.1Table: Muslim Population by Country. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 2011-01-27 [2018-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2019-10-29). 
  24. ^Central America :: Anguilla — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2016-02-01). 
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  28. ^Middle East :: Armenia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2010-07-19). 
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  36. ^Central America :: Bahamas, The — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2010-04-02). 
  37. ^Middle East :: Bahrain — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-11). 
  38. ^South Asia :: Bangladesh — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-29). 
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  41. ^Europe :: Belarus — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2008-12-10). 
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  46. ^Central America :: Belize — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2013-05-13). 
  47. ^Wayback Machine(PDF). 2016-01-27 [2018-12-14]. (原始内容(PDF)存档于2016-01-27). 
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  56. ^Botswana(PDF). (原始内容存档(PDF)于2018-02-19). 
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  58. ^Brazil. U.S. Department of State. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-20). 
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  63. ^Africa :: Burkina Faso — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-08). 
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  78. ^ForChina Family Panel Studies 2017 survey results seerelease #1页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (archived). The tables also contain the results of CFPS 2012 (sample 20,035) and Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) results for 2006, 2008 and 2010 (samples ~10.000/11,000). Also see, for comparison CFPS 2012 data inLu 卢, Yunfeng 云峰.卢云峰:当代中国宗教状况报告——基于CFPS(2012)调查数据 [Report on Religions in Contemporary China – Based on CFPS (2012) Survey Data](PDF). 2014 [2019-05-21]. (原始内容(PDF)存档于2014-08-09). |journal=被忽略 (帮助);|number=被忽略 (帮助) p. 13, reporting the results of the CGSS 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2011, and their average (fifth column of the first table).
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  108. ^Central America :: El Salvador — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24). 
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  134. ^Central America :: Grenada — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26). 
  135. ^Australia – Oceania :: Guam — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2013-12-03). 
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  139. ^Africa :: Guinea-Bissau — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2010-12-28). 
  140. ^Benjamin, Lennox.The Republic of Guyana: The Census Road(PDF). Bureau of Statistics: 7. 2002. (原始内容(PDF)存档于2017-01-01). 
  141. ^Central America :: Haiti — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2016-01-31). 
  142. ^Islam and Muslims in Haiti. www.islamawareness.net. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-11-15). 
  143. ^Central America :: Honduras — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-25). 
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  155. ^Iraq | Joshua Project. joshuaproject.net. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-26). 
  156. ^Europe :: Ireland — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2008-12-10). 
  157. ^Europe :: Isle of Man — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26). 
  158. ^Middle East :: Israel — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2018-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-29). 
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