大多數的共和國是主权国家,不過也有一些半主权的政體稱為共和國,例如美利坚合众国宪法第四条提到:「保證本聯邦各州實行共和政體」(guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government)[7]。同樣地,蘇聯的苏联宪法也將政體描述由15個苏联加盟共和国組成的聯邦,而且其中的烏克蘭及白俄羅斯當時在聯合國中就已有席次。世界各个國家中,有159個國家的官方名稱含有「共和国」(「republika」、「république」、「республика」、「جمهورية」等等)字樣。[8]
Martin van Gelderen & Quentin Skinner, eds.,Republicanism: A Shared European Heritage, v1,Republicanism and Constitutionalism in Early Modern Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press., 2002
Martin van Gelderen & Quentin Skinner, eds.,Republicanism: A Shared European Heritage, v2,The Values of Republicanism in Early Modern Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge U.P., 2002
Willi Paul Adams, “Republicanism in Political Rhetoric before 1776,”Political Science Quarterly 85(1970), p397-421.
Joyce Appleby, “Republicanism in Old and New Contexts,” inWilliam & Mary Quarterly, 3rd series, 43(January, 1986), p3-34.
Everdell, William R., The End of Kings: A History of Republics and Republicans 2nd, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000
Eric Gojosso,Le concept de république en France (XVIe -XVIIIe siècle), Aix/Marseille, 1998, pp205–245.
James Hankins, "Exclusivist Republicanism and the Non-Monarchical Republic,"Political Theory 38.4 (August 2010), 452-482.
Frédéric Monera,L'idée de République et la jurisprudence du Conseil constitutionnel — Paris: L.G.D.J., 2004FnacArchive-It的存檔,存档日期2017-10-10,LGDJ.fr
Philip Pettit,Republicanism: A Theory of Freedom and Government, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997, pp. x and 304.
J. G. A. Pocock,The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975
J. G. A. Pocock, “Between Gog and Magog: The Republican Thesis and the Ideologia Americana,”Journal of the History of Ideas 48(1987), p<341>
J. G. A. Pocock, "The Machiavellian Moment Revisited: A Study in History and Ideology”Journal of Modern History 53(1981)
Paul A. Rahe,Republics Ancient and Modern: Classical Republicanism and the American Revolution, 3v., Chapel Hill: U. of North Carolina Press 1992, 1994.
Jagdish P. Sharma,Republics in ancient India, c. 1500 B.C.-500 B.C., 1968
David Wootton, ed.,Republicanism, Liberty, and Commercial Society, 1649-1776 (The Making of Modern Freedom series), Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1994.