^Rude, Noel. (1983). Ergativity and the active-stative typology in Loma.Studies in African Linguistics 14 (3): 265-283.
^Vydrin, Valentin. (2011). Ergative/Absolutive and Active/Stative alignment in West Africa:The case of Southwestern Mande.Studies in Language 35 (2): 409-443.
^4.04.14.24.3Dixon, R. M. W. 1994.Ergativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
^Bavant, Marc. Proto-Indo-European Ergativity... Still To Be Discussed. Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics. 2008,44 (4): 433–447.doi:10.2478/v10010-008-0022-y.使用|accessdate=需要含有|url= (帮助)
^Friend, Some Syntactic and Morphological Features of Suleimaniye Kurdish, UCLA, 1985
^Donohue, Mark (2008). "Semantic alignment systems: what's what, and what's not". In Donohue, Mark & Søren Wichmann, eds. (2008).The Typology of Semantic Alignment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
^10.010.1King, Alan R.The Basque Language: A Practical Introduction. Reno: University of Nevada Press.
^ Comrie, Bernard (2013),"Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases", in Dryer, Matthew S.; Haspelmath, Martin (eds.), The World Atlas of Language Structures Online, Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, retrieved 6 Jun 2019
^15.015.1McGregor, William. Optional ergative case marking systems in a typological-semiotic perspective. Lingua. 2010, (120): 1610–1636.
^McGregor (2010) Optional ergative case marking systems in a typological-semiotic perspective.Lingua 120: 1610–1636
^Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.). (2011) "The World Atlas of Language Structures Online". Munich: Max Planck Digital Library. Available online atWALS (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
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^Archived copy(PDF). [2012-11-14]. (原始内容(PDF)存档于2013-04-12). (Aniko Csirmaz and Markéta Ceplová, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Zazaki is an ergative language)
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