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↑1.01.11.2Pragnan Chakravorty, "What Is a Signal? [Lecture Notes],"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 175-177, Sept. 2018,原文對訊號嘅定義:"a function that conveys information"
↑Roland Priemer (1991).Introductory Signal Processing. World Scientific. p. 1.
↑Poisel, R. A. (2008).Introduction to communication electronic warfare systems. Artech House, Inc..
↑4.04.1Alley, C. L., & Atwood, K. W. (1973).Electronic engineering. Wiley.
↑Some authors do not emphasize the role of information in the definition of a signal. For example, see Priyabrata Sinha (2009).Speech processing in embedded systems. Springer. p. 9.ISBN 978-0387755809. Archived from the original on 2013-06-02. "To put it very generally, a signal is any time-varying physical quantity."
↑Stanislaw, H., & Todorov, N. (1999). Calculation of signal detection theory measures.Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers, 31(1), 137-149.
↑Analogue and Digital Communication Techniques. Archived from the original on 2017-12-17. "A digital signal is a complex waveform and can be defined as a discrete waveform having a finite set of levels."
↑Paul Horowitz; Winfield Hill (2015).The Art of Electronics. Cambridge University Press.
↑Proakis, John G.; Manolakis, Dimitris G. (2007-01-01).Digital Signal Processing. Pearson Prentice Hall.
↑14.014.1Horowitz, Paul; Hill, Winfield (1989).The Art Of Electronics, 2nd Ed. Cambridge University Press. pp. 471-473.
↑Robert K. Dueck.Digital Design with CPLD Applications and VHDL. "A digital representation can have only specific discrete values."
↑16.016.116.2Hoeschele, D. F. (1994).Analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion techniques (Vol. 968). New York: Wiley.
↑Biolek, D., Senani, R., Biolkova, V., & Kolka, Z. (2008). Active elements for analog signal processing: classification, review, and new proposals.Radioengineering, 17(4), 15-32.
↑"Sinusoid".Encyclopedia of Mathematics. Springer.
↑19.019.1Sarpturk, S. Z., Istefanopulos, Y., & Kaynak, O. (1987). On the stability of discrete-time sliding mode control systems.IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 32(10), 930-932.
↑Vinod Kumar Khanna,Digital Signal Processing: "A digital signal is a special form of discrete-time signal which is discrete in both time and amplitude, obtained by permitting each value (sample) of a discrete-time signal to acquire a finite set of values (quantization), assigning it a numerical symbol according to a code ... A digital signal is a sequence or list of numbers drawn from a finite set."
↑22.022.1Alan V. Oppenheim and Ronald W. Schafer (1989).Discrete-Time Signal Processing. Prentice Hall. p. 1.
↑Niedermeyer E.; da Silva F.L. (2004).Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications, and Related Fields. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
↑Fiscon, G., Weitschek, E., Cialini, A., Felici, G., Bertolazzi, P., De Salvo, S., ... & De Cola, M. C. (2018). Combining EEG signal processing with supervised methods for Alzheimer’s patients classification.BMC medical informatics and decision making, 18(1), 35.
↑Freeman, Roger L. (1999).Fundamentals of Telecommunications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
↑Brian W Marsden (1986):Communication network protocols,2nd Edition. Chartwell Bratt,