熵(粵音:soeng1;英文:entropy)係統計力學同熱力學等領域常用嘅概念,係熱力學系統具有嘅外延性質(外延性質係會同個系統嘅大細成比例嘅物理性質)。考慮 呢個數值:是但搵個熱力學系統,佢會有一啲宏觀性質(例如溫度、壓力)而個系統會有若干個可能嘅微狀態(粒子 A 喺位置 X 而粒子 B 喺位置 Y...、粒子 A 喺位置 Y 而粒子 B 喺位置 X... 等等),能夠同個系統啲宏觀性質吻合嘅微狀態數量就係 咁多;熵係 嘅函數,即係話熵反映咗已知個系統嘅宏觀性質係點,個系統有幾多個可能嘅微狀態。假設每個微狀態都一樣咁有可能發生(概率一樣),個系統嘅熵可以用以下呢條式計出嚟[1][2]:
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↑Baierlein, Ralph (2003).Thermal Physics. Cambridge University Press.
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↑Adams, Fred C.; Laughlin, Gregory (1997). "A dying universe: the long-term fate and evolution of astrophysical objects".Reviews of Modern Physics. 69 (2): 337–72.
↑Rietman, Edward A.; Tuszynski, Jack A. (2017). "Thermodynamics & Cancer Dormancy: A Perspective". In Wang, Yuzhuo; Crea, Francesco (eds.).Tumor Dormancy & Recurrence (Cancer Drug Discovery and Development). Introduction: Entropy & Information. Humana Press. p. 63.
↑Brooks, D. R., Collier, J., Maurer, B. A., Smith, J. D., & Wiley, E. O. (1989). Entropy and information in evolving biological systems. Biology and Philosophy, 4(4), 407-432.
↑Popa, Radu (March 2004).Between Necessity and Probability: Searching for the Definition and Origin of Life (Advances in Astrobiology and Biogeophysics).
↑Schrödinger, Erwin (1944).What is Life?. Cambridge University Press.
↑Baierlein, Ralph (2003).Thermal Physics. Cambridge University Press.
↑Margulis, Lynn; Sagan, Dorion (1995).What is Life?. University of California Press.
↑Lovelock, James (2000).Gaia – a New Look at Life on Earth. Oxford University Press.
↑Avery, John (2003).Information Theory and Evolution. World Scientific.