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印象派

出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書
印象派嘅代表作《日出印象》

印象派（粵拼：jan3 zoeng6 paai1；法文：Impressionnisme）係19世紀尾法國畫界開展嘅一場藝術運動。

特徵

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印象派嘅畫作有以下嘅特徵[1][2]：

  • 用幼細、但明顯睇得到嘅筆觸；
  • 構圖開放，放寬咗「主題」同「背景」之間嘅界線；
  • 平凡嘅題材，興畫日常生活嘅景象，相對於傳統歐洲畫藝偏好以歷史大事或者聖經故仔等「宏大」嘅嘢做題材；
  • 異常嘅視角；
  • 以物件嘅郁動作為人類感知嘅重要部份，好多時會用濛濛地嘅圖像代表物件嘅郁動－畫家嘗試捕捉望到物件嗰一剎那所見到嘅影像（「印象」）；
  • 強調準確噉描繪光嘅變化－印象派畫家受到當時物理學上光學知識嘅演進影響，反對當時歐洲畫家淨係喺室內畫畫嘅傳統，會走去室外畫畫，嘗試了解喺自然光下嘅物件嘅色水應該係點嘅。

以法國畫家莫奈喺 1874 年畫嘅油畫《日出印象》（法文：Impression, soleil levant）為例，日出印象廣泛噉俾人認同係印象派嘅代表作，呢幅畫題材好平凡，描繪一個日出景象，畫一個室外見到嘅景，而且畫中物件好濛，強調咗啲物件嘅郁動同光暗[1]。

小史

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印象派喺歷史上幾經轉折：初頭（當時嚟講好反傳統嘅）印象派廣受法國藝術界批評，例如因為印象派畫家興畫一啲平凡、日常生活當中嘅嘢，搞到當時嘅（偏好宏大題材嘅）法國畫界覺得佢哋難登大雅之堂；不過，打後喺一眾印象派畫家嘅努力下，印象派出咗好多重要嘅技法同名作，最後得到成個歐洲藝術界承認佢哋係一個有睇頭嘅藝術流派[3][4]。而到咗廿一世紀，印象派經已成為西方藝術界嘅一個重要流派，仲影響咗世界多地嘅畫畫藝術，好似係粵港澳地區嘅嶺南畫派噉，就係結咗國畫同印象派思潮而生嘅一個畫派[5]。

圖庫

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  • Frédéric Bazille, Paysage au bord du Lez, 1870, Minneapolis Institute of Art
    Frédéric Bazille,Paysage au bord du Lez, 1870, Minneapolis Institute of Art
  • Alfred Sisley, Bridge at Villeneuve-la-Garenne, 1872, Metropolitan Museum of Art
    Alfred Sisley,Bridge at Villeneuve-la-Garenne, 1872, Metropolitan Museum of Art
  • Berthe Morisot, The Cradle, 1872, Musée d'Orsay
    Berthe Morisot,The Cradle, 1872, Musée d'Orsay
  • Armand Guillaumin, Sunset at Ivry (Soleil couchant à Ivry), 1873, Musée d'Orsay
    Armand Guillaumin,Sunset at Ivry (Soleil couchant à Ivry), 1873, Musée d'Orsay
  • Édouard Manet, Boating, 1874, Metropolitan Museum of Art
    Édouard Manet,Boating, 1874, Metropolitan Museum of Art
  • Alfred Sisley, La Seine au Point du jour, 1877, Museum of modern art André Malraux - MuMa, Le Havre
    Alfred Sisley,La Seine au Point du jour, 1877, Museum of modern art André Malraux - MuMa, Le Havre
  • Édouard Manet, The Plum, 1878, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
    Édouard Manet,The Plum, 1878, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
  • Édouard Manet, A Bar at the Folies-Bergère (Un Bar aux Folies-Bergère), 1882, Courtauld Institute of Art
    Édouard Manet,A Bar at the Folies-Bergère (Un Bar aux Folies-Bergère), 1882, Courtauld Institute of Art
  • Edgar Degas, After the Bath, Woman Drying Herself, c. 1884–1886 (reworked between 1890 and 1900), MuMa, Le Havre
    Edgar Degas,After the Bath, Woman Drying Herself, c. 1884–1886 (reworked between 1890 and 1900), MuMa, Le Havre
  • Edgar Degas, L'Absinthe, 1876, Musée d'Orsay, Paris
    Edgar Degas,L'Absinthe, 1876, Musée d'Orsay, Paris
  • Edgar Degas, Dancer with a Bouquet of Flowers (Star of the Ballet), 1878
    Edgar Degas,Dancer with a Bouquet of Flowers (Star of the Ballet), 1878
  • Edgar Degas, Woman in the Bath, 1886, Hill–Stead Museum, Farmington, Connecticut
    Edgar Degas,Woman in the Bath, 1886, Hill–Stead Museum, Farmington, Connecticut
  • Edgar Degas, Dancers at The Bar, 1888, The Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C.
    Edgar Degas,Dancers at The Bar, 1888, The Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C.
  • Gustave Caillebotte, Paris Street; Rainy Day, 1877, Art Institute of Chicago
    Gustave Caillebotte,Paris Street; Rainy Day, 1877, Art Institute of Chicago
  • Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Portrait of Mademoiselle Irène Cahen d'Anvers (La Petite Irène), 1880, Foundation E.G. Bührle, Zürich
    Pierre-Auguste Renoir,Portrait of Mademoiselle Irène Cahen d'Anvers (La Petite Irène), 1880, Foundation E.G. Bührle, Zürich
  • Pierre-Auguste Renoir, On the Terrace, 1881, Art Institute of Chicago
    Pierre-Auguste Renoir,On the Terrace, 1881, Art Institute of Chicago
  • Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Girl with a Hoop, 1885
    Pierre-Auguste Renoir,Girl with a Hoop, 1885
  • Claude Monet, The Cliff at Étretat after the Storm, 1885, Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, Massachusetts
    Claude Monet,The Cliff at Étretat after the Storm, 1885, Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, Massachusetts
  • Mary Cassatt, The Child's Bath (The Bath), 1893, oil on canvas, Art Institute of Chicago
    Mary Cassatt,The Child's Bath (The Bath), 1893, oil on canvas, Art Institute of Chicago
  • Berthe Morisot, Portrait of Mme Boursier and Her Daughter, c. 1873, Brooklyn Museum
    Berthe Morisot,Portrait of Mme Boursier and Her Daughter, c. 1873, Brooklyn Museum
  • Le Grand Canal, 1908, Claude Monet
    Le Grand Canal, 1908, Claude Monet

睇埋

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攷

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  1. ↑1.01.1Hauser, A. (2005).Social history of art, volume 4: naturalism, Impressionism, the film age. Routledge.
  2. ↑Samu, M. (2004).Impressionism: Art and modernity. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History.
  3. ↑Samu, Margaret. "Impressionism: Art and Modernity". InHeilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000 (October 2004).
  4. ↑Cole, Bruce (1991).Art of the Western World: From Ancient Greece to Post Modernism. Simon and Schuster. p. 242.
  5. ↑Croizier, R. C. (1988).Art and Revolution in Modern China: the Lingnan (Cantonese) school of painting, 1906-1951 (Vol. 29). Univ of California Press.

參考

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  • Baumann, Felix Andreas, Marianne Karabelnik-Matta, Jean Sutherland Boggs, and Tobia Bezzola (1994).Degas Portraits. London: Merrell Holberton.ISBN 1-85894-014-1
  • Bomford, David, Jo Kirby, John Leighton, Ashok Roy, and Raymond White (1990).Impressionism. London: National Gallery.ISBN 0-300-05035-6
  • Denvir, Bernard (1990).The Thames and Hudson Encyclopaedia of Impressionism. London: Thames and Hudson.ISBN 0-500-20239-7
  • Distel, Anne, Michel Hoog, and Charles S. Moffett (1974).Impressionism; a centenary exhibition, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, December 12, 1974-February 10, 1975. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.ISBN 0-8709-9097-7
  • Eisenman, Stephen F (2011). "From Corot to Monet: The Ecology of Impressionism". Milan: Skira.ISBN 8857207064.
  • Gordon, Robert; Forge, Andrew (1988).Degas. New York: Harry N. Abrams.ISBN 0-8109-1142-6
  • Gowing, Lawrence, with Adriani, Götz; Krumrine, Mary Louise; Lewis, Mary Tompkins; Patin, Sylvie; Rewald, John (1988).Cézanne: The Early Years 1859-1872. New York: Harry N. Abrams.
  • Jensen, Robert (1994).Marketing modernism in fin-de-siècle Europe. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.ISBN 0691033331.
  • Moskowitz, Ira; Sérullaz, Maurice (1962).French Impressionists: A Selection of Drawings of the French 19th Century. Boston and Toronto: Little, Brown and Company.ISBN 0-316-58560-2
  • Rewald, John (1973).The History of Impressionism (4th, Revised Ed.). New York: The Museum of Modern Art.ISBN 0-87070-360-9
  • Richardson, John (1976).Manet (3rd Ed.). Oxford: Phaidon Press Ltd.ISBN 0-7148-1743-0
  • Rosenblum, Robert (1989).Paintings in the Musée d'Orsay. New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang.ISBN 1-55670-099-7
  • Moffett, Charles S. (1986). "The New Painting, Impressionism 1874-1886". Geneva: Richard Burton SA.

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