Canada
Canada
Chu-kù: A mari usque ad mare Kok-koa: O Canada Siú-to͘ Ottawa Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī Toronto Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân Eng-gí ,Hoat-gí Chèng-hú Liân-pang ,gī-hōe-chè ,kun-chú li̍p-hiàn • kok-ông
Charles 3-sè • chóng-tok
Mary Simon • chóng-lí
Mark Carney Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘ Gī-hōe Goân-ló-īⁿ Sù-bîn-īⁿ Bīn-chek • Lóng-chóng
9,984,670 km2 (3,855,100 sq mi) (tē 2 miâ ) • Chúi-he̍k (%)
11.76 Jîn-kháu • 2021 nî kó͘-kè
tē 37 miâ )• 2016 nî phó͘-cha
35,151,728 • Bi̍t-tō͘
3.92/km2 (10.2/sq mi) (tē 185 miâ ) GDP (PPP ) 2021 nî kó͘-kè • Lóng-chóng
tē 15 miâ )• Pêng-kin
tē 24 miâ )GDP (bêng-gī) 2019 nî kó͘-kè • Lóng-chóng
tē 9 miâ )• Pêng-kin
tē 15 miâ )Gini (2018 nî) tiong HDI (2019 nî) chin ko tē 16 miâ Hoè-pè Canada dollar ($) (CAD )Sî-khu UTC -3.5 ~ -8UTC -2.5 ~ -7Sî-kan keh-sek yyyy-mm-dd (AD ) Khui-chhia hong-hiòng iū tiān-oē khu-hō +1 ISO 3166 tāi-hō CA Siōng-téng domain .ca
Canada koh hō-chòKanata , ia̍h-sīKa-ná-tāi kahKha-ná-tah , sī tīPak Bí-chiu siāng pak-pêng ê kok-ka. Canada miâ-gī-siōng sī 1 êū hiàn-hoat ê ông-kok , cho·-chit-siōng kiâⁿ liân-pang chè-tō·, ū 10 séng, 3 léng-thó·. Canada le̍k-sú siōng mā hō-chòDominion of Canada /Le Dominion du Canada . Dominion sī goân-chū La-teng-bûn "dominus", ì-sù sī thóng-tī. Kó͘-cháEng-kok iōng-lâi kā i ka tīsi̍t-bîn-tē chheng-ho͘ ê thâu-chêng, piáu-sī in ê thóng-tī-khoân.[ 1]
"Canada" chit-ê miâ sī tùi tōng-tē goân-chū-bînHaudenosaunee-lâng ê chi̍t-ê pō͘-cho̍k só͘ kóng ê "kanata" só͘ hō,[ 2] Jacques Cartier chí bêngStadacona chit-ê chhoan ê só͘-chāi-tē só͘ ēng.[ 3]
Āu-lâi, Cartier tio̍h ēng "canada" chit-ê jī lâi chheng Stadacona siú-niáDonnacona só͘ koán ê thó͘-tē. Tī 1545 nî,Au-chiu ê chheh kap tē-tô͘ khai-sí ēng "Canada" lâi piáu-sī chit-ê só͘-chāi.
Kàu 17 sè-kí kap 18 sè-kí chá-kî, "Canada" sī kóngSin Hoat-lân-se , ia̍h tio̍h sīSèng Lawrence Hô liû-he̍k kapToā-ô͘ ê pak hoāⁿ tē-khu. Āu-boé chia-ê thó͘-tē piàn chòEng-kok ê si̍t-bîn-tē, hunTéng Canada (Upper Canada ) kapHā Canada (Lower Canada ), 1841 nî koh ha̍p-pēng chòCanada Séng (Province of Canada ).
1867 nî Canada ê hoān-ûi. 1867 nî cho͘-sêng pâng-liân ê sî-chūn, "Canada" hong ēng-lâi chò sin kok-ka ê chèng-sek miâ-chheng, lēng-goā koh koàn siōng "Dominion", chiâⁿ chò choân-miâ "Dominion of Canada". Āu-lâi Canada chèng-hú tit tio̍h chū-tī ê sin-hūn, ta̍uh-ta̍uhtio̍h bô chài ēng "Dominion", kaⁿ-taⁿ chheng "Canada".
TīHàn-bûn kapJi̍t-pún ê Hàn-jī, hun-piat kā "Canada" hoan chò "加拿大" chham "加奈陀". Hiān-sîBân-lâm-gí ū chiàu "加拿大" kóngKa-ná-tāi . Nā tīTâi-oân , mā tiāⁿ kóng "Kha-ná-tah" ia̍h sī "Ka-ná-tah".
Goân-chū-bîn tī Canada í-keng toà ū 10,000 goā-tang. Tī kong-goân 1000-nî chó-iū ê sî-chūn,Viking-lâng ū toà tī hiān-chú-sîNewfoundland pak-hái-hoāⁿ êL'Anse aux Meadows chi̍t-chām--á. He sī Europa-lâng thâu-chi̍t-pái lâi kàu Canada. Hoat-kok-lâng tī 16 kap 17 sè-kí ê sî-chūn khai-sí poaⁿ-lâi khiā-khí tīPak-bí-chiu tang-pak-pō·, sī Europa-lâng tī Canada tn̂g-kî tēng-ki ê khí-thâu.
Eng-kok ,Hoat-kok kapSe-pan-gâ tī 1763-nî chhiam-tēngParis Tiâu-iok , kāChhit-nî Chiàn-cheng siu-soah. Tī chit-ê tiâu-iok lāi-té,Hoat-kok tap-èng hòng-khì i tīPak-bí-chiu tāi-lio̍k ê si̍t-bîn-tē, kā Canada niū hō·Eng-kok .
Bí-kok Kek-bēng liáu-āu, si̍t-bîn-tē chi̍t-koá iû-goân hāu-tiongEng-kok ê lâng chiūⁿ-pak poaⁿ lâi kàuCanada.
Tī 1867-nî,Canada Séng (āu--lâi hun-chòOntario kapQuébec ),Nova Scotia kapNew Brunswick chit saⁿ-ê si̍t-bîn-tē ha̍p-pèng, kiàn-li̍p Dominion of Canada.Edward Ông-chú Tó kapNewfoundland hit-tang-chūn bô siūⁿ-beh kap choah-ê si̍t-bîn-tē ha̍p-chò-hóe, hun-pia̍t kàu 1873-nî kap 1949-nî chiah ka-ji̍p Canada.
Eng-kok tī 1931-nî thong-kòeWestminister Hoat-kui , chèng-sek hō· Canada piàn-chò to̍k-li̍p ê kok-ka, ē-tàng ka-kī chè-tēng hoat-lu̍t. Canada tī 1982-nî kā hiàn-hoat ùi Eng-kok soá tò-lâi chhù (patriation of the Constitution ), chū-án-ne Canada siu-kái hiàn-hoat m̄-bián koh su-iàu Eng-kok ê tông-ì.
Canada ê nn̄g-ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân sīEng-gí kapHoat-gí .
Tī 1969-nî, Canada kok-hōe thong-kòe gī-àn, chèng-sek kui-tēng Eng-gí kap Hoat-gí tī liân-pang chèng-hú kap kok-hōe--ni̍h sī pêng-téng ê gí-giân. Che sī Canada tē-it-ê Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân hoat-àn (Official Languages Act /Loi sur les langues officielles ). I chú-iàu ê bo̍k-tek sī Eng-gí kap Hoat-gí siā-khu ê pó-chûn kap hoat-tián, í-ki̍p hō· chit-nn̄g-ê gí-giân tī Canada siā-hōe ē-tàng pîⁿ-chē-khiā.
Canada chèng-hú tī 1982-nî chèng-sek soan-kò Hiàn-hoat hoat-àn (Constitution Act /Loi constitutionnelle ), kî-tiong êCanada Koân-lī kap chū-iû hiàn-chiong (Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms /Charte canadienne des droits et libertés ) chìn-chi̍t-pō· hō· liân-pang ki-kò· lāi-bīn nn̄g-ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân ê tē-ūi kap sú-iōng tit-tio̍h hiàn-hoat ê pó-chèng. Koân-lī kap chū-iû hiàn-chiong kui-tēng:
Eng-gí kap Hoat-gí sī Canada ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân; Tī kok-hōe hōe-gī--ni̍h, ta̍k-ke ū koân-lī ēng jīm-hô chi̍t-ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân; Só·-ū kok-hōe ê kì-lo̍k kap thong-kòe ê hoat-àn su-iàu ū Eng-gí kap Hoat-gí ê pán-pún, jî-chhiáⁿ nn̄g-chióng lóng sǹg sī koaⁿ-hong chèng-khak ê pán-pún; Kap kok-hōe siat-li̍p ê hoat-īⁿ chhú-lí tāi-chì ê sî-chūn, ēng Eng-gí ia̍h-sī Hoat-gí lóng ē-sái--tit. Ta̍k-ke ū koân-lī ēng jīm-hô chi̍t-ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân tit-tio̍h liân-pang chèng-hú ê ho̍k-bū. Chit-máNew Brunswick sī Canada î-it chèng-sek siang-gí ê séng. Hoat-gí sīQuébec ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân; kî-thaⁿ poeh-ê séng ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân lóng sī Eng-gí.
Tî-liáu Eng-gí kap Hoat-gí, kî-thaⁿ gí-gían tī Canada mā chin tiōng-iàu. Kun-kì 2001-nî ê jîn-kháu tiau-cha, 17% Canada-lâng ê bú-gí m̄-sī koaⁿ-hong gí-giân. Kî-tiong jîn-kháu thōng chē ê sīItalia-gí (1.6%),Tek-gí (1.5%),Kńg-tang-ōe (1.1%) kapPunjab-gí (0.9%).
Canada mā ū chiâⁿ chēgoân-chū-bîn gí-giân, m̄-koh toā-pō·-hūn ē-hiáu kóng ê lâng jú-lâi jú-chió. Kun-kì kāng chi̍t-ê tiau-cha, bú-gí jîn-kháu khah chē ê goân-chū-bîn gí-giân ūCree (72,680 lâng, Canada jîn-kháu ê 0.25%),Inuktitut (29,005 lâng, 0.10%), kapOjibway (20,890 lâng, 0.07%).
Canada ê hêng-chèng-khu Chhiáⁿ chham-khó:Canada ê séng kap léng-thó·
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