Tōng-bu̍t (Hàn-jī :動物 seng-bu̍t ê miâ, sio̍k-îTōng-bu̍t-kài (Hàn-jī :動物界 Animalia si̍t-bu̍t ū châi-tiāu lī-iōngkng lâi ha̍p-sêng chia̍h-mi̍h (kng-ha̍p-sêng chok-iōng ,photosynthesis ); in su-iàusiau-hoà pa̍t-ê seng-bu̍t chiah ē-tàng seng-chûn--lo̍h-khì.
Thong-sio̍k gí-giân it-poaⁿ kājîn-lūi pâi-tû tī tōng-bu̍t-lūi chi gōa. Tōng-bu̍t mā tiāⁿ iōng lâi chòcheng-siⁿ ê tông-gī-sû. Chóng-sī tùiseng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê koan-tiám lâi khoàⁿ,lâng mā sī 1 chióng tōng-bu̍t.[ 1]
Tōng-bu̍t lóng sīto-sè-pau chin-hu̍t seng-bu̍t .[ 2] [ 3] ī-êng seng-bu̍t ,[ 4] [ 5] [ 6] bô-sng-sò͘ ho͘-khip ,[ 7] si̍t-bu̍t ,chò-lūi ) oân-á bô-kâng.[ 8] ūn-tōng-sèng . Tōa-tō͘-sò͘ tōng-bu̍t êphoe-thai hoat-io̍k tiong ūphoe-pau-kî .[ 9] sè-pau ē hun-hòa chò bô-kâng êcho͘-chit kapkhì-koan .
Mn̂g Example Chéng ê sò͘-liōng Lio̍k-seng Hái-seng Tām-chúi To̍k-li̍p seng-oa̍h Kià-seⁿ Khoân-chat tōng-bu̍t 17,000[ 10] Sī (thô͘)[ 11] Sī[ 11] 1,750[ 12] Sī 400[ 13] Chat-kha tōng-bu̍t 1,257,000[ 10] 1,000,000(insects)[ 14]
>40,000(Malac-ostraca)[ 15]
94,000[ 12] Sī[ 11] >45,000[ lower-alpha 1] [ 13] Gōa-kong tōng-bu̍t 6,000[ 10] Sī[ 11] 60–80[ 12] Sī Chek-soh tōng-bu̍t >70,000[ 10] [ 16] 23,000[ 17] 13,000[ 17] 18,000[ 12] 9,000[ 17]
Sī 40(catfish)[ 18] [ 13]
Chhì-pau tōng-bu̍t 16,000[ 10] Sī[ 11] Yes (few)[ 11] Sī[ 11] >1,350(Myxozoa)[ 13]
Kek-phôe tōng-bu̍t 7,500[ 10] 7,500[ 10] Sī[ 11] Nńg-thé tōng-bu̍t 85,000[ 10] 107,000[ 19]
35,000[ 19] 60,000[ 19] 5,000[ 12] 12,000[ 19]
Sī[ 11] >5,600[ 13] Sòaⁿ-thâng 25,000[ 10] Sī (thô͘)[ 11] 4,000[ 20] 2,000[ 12] 11,000[ 20] 14,000[ 20] Píⁿ-hêng tōng-bu̍t 29,500[ 10] Sī[ 21] Sī[ 11] 1,300[ 12] Sī[ 11] [ 22]
>40,000[ 13] [ 22]
Lián-á-thâng 2,000[ 10] >400[ 23] 2,000[ 12] Sī Hái-mî tōng-bu̍t 10,800[ 10] Sī[ 11] 200-300[ 12] Sī Sī[ 24] 2013 nî ū kì-lio̍k ê hiān-chûn bu̍t-chèng chóng-siàu: 1,525,728
Tōng-bu̍t sī chi̍t êtan-hē-thóng , ū kiōng-tông chó͘-sian. In kahniá-piⁿ-mn̂g-thâng sīchí-mōe-kûn koan-hē.Ki-kûn sīhái-mî tōng-bu̍t ,loa̍h-á-thē tōng-bu̍t ,píⁿ-pôaⁿ tōng-bu̍t ,chhì-pau tōng-bu̍t , chia-ê tōng-bu̍t sin-khu m̄ sī nn̄g-pêng tùi-thīn.
Nn̄g-pêng-tùi-thīn tōng-bu̍t ê sin-khu mô͘-hêng. Ī-bô-khiuⁿ tōng-bu̍t sī nn̄g-pêng-tùi-thīn tōng-bu̍t ê ki-kûn.[ 25] [ 26] [ 27]
Tú khai-sí hoat-io̍k ê sî,āu-kháu tōng-bu̍t êphoe-pau ē hok-siā-sekli̍h-nn̄g , ah tōa-tō͘-sò͘ êgoân-kháu tōng-bu̍t (kńg-lê tōng-bu̍t ) ē chìn-hêng kńg-lê-á-hêng li̍h-nn̄g. Chêng-kháu tōng-bu̍t kap āu-kháu thong-bu̍t lóng ū oân-chéng ê siau-hòa-tō, m̄-koh chêng-kháu tōng-bu̍t êgoân-tn̂g chi̍t-khai-sí êphoe-kang (Eng-gí: blastobore) bóe-á ê hoat-io̍k chò i êchhùi , tò-thâu hit bóe-liu ē hêng-sêngkong-bûn ; ah āu-kháu tōng-bu̍t tú-hó tian-tò, in thâu-·á ê phoe-kang sī hoat-io̍k chò kong-bûn, tò-thâu seⁿ-chò chhùi.[ 28] [ 29]
Goân-kháu tōng-bu̍t (Protostomes , téng-koân) vs.Āu-kháu tōng-bu̍t (Deuterostomes , ē-kha)↑ Zhang, Zhi-Qiang (2013-08-30)."Animal biodiversity: An update of classification and diversity in 2013. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013)" .Zootaxa .3703 (1): 5.doi :10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.3 .goân-loē-iông tī 24 April 2019 hőng khó͘-pih.2 March 2018 khòaⁿ--ê . Unknown parameter|url-status= ignored (help ) ↑ Avila, Vernon L. (1995).Biology: Investigating Life on Earth ISBN 978-0-86720-942-6 . ↑ "Palaeos:Metazoa" .Palaeos . Goân-pún bāng-ia̍hPó-chûn tī 2018-02-28.2018-02-25 khòaⁿ--ê . ↑ Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê<ref> tag;chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jīpalaeos2 ↑ Bergman, Jennifer."Heterotrophs" .goân-loē-iông tī 2007-08-29 hőng khó͘-pih.2007-09-30 khòaⁿ--ê . ↑ Douglas, Angela E.; Raven, John A. (January 2003)."Genomes at the interface between bacteria and organelles" .Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B .358 (1429): 5–17.doi :10.1098/rstb.2002.1188 .PMC 1693093 PMID 12594915 . ↑ Mentel, Marek; Martin, William (2010)."Anaerobic animals from an ancient, anoxic ecological niche" .BMC Biology .8 : 32.doi :10.1186/1741-7007-8-32 .PMC 2859860 PMID 20370917 . ↑ Davidson, Michael W."Animal Cell Structure" .goân-loē-iông tī 2007-09-20 hőng khó͘-pih.2007-09-20 khòaⁿ--ê . ↑ Minkoff, Eli C. (2008).Barron's EZ-101 Study Keys Series: Biology 48 .ISBN 978-0-7641-3920-8 . ↑10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê<ref> tag;chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jīZhang2013 ↑11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê<ref> tag;chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jīHogenboom2016 ↑12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê<ref> tag;chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jīBalian2008 ↑13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê<ref> tag;chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jīPoulin2007 ↑ Stork, Nigel E. (January 2018). "How Many Species of Insects and Other Terrestrial Arthropods Are There on Earth?".Annual Review of Entomology .63 (1): 31–45.doi :10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043348 .PMID 28938083 . Unknown parameter|s2cid= ignored (help ) Stork notes that 1m insects have been named, making much larger predicted estimates.↑ Poore, Hugh F. (2002)."Introduction" .Crustacea: Malacostraca . Zoological catalogue of Australia. 19.2A.CSIRO Publishing . pp. 1–7.ISBN 978-0-643-06901-5 . ↑ Uetz, P."A Quarter Century of Reptile and Amphibian Databases" .Herpetological Review .52 : 246–255.goân-loē-iông tī 21 February 2022 hőng khó͘-pih.2 October 2021 khòaⁿ--ê – via ResearchGate. Unknown parameter|url-status= ignored (help ) ↑17.0 17.1 17.2 Reaka-Kudla, Marjorie L.; Wilson, Don E.;Wilson, Edward O. (1996).Biodiversity II: Understanding and Protecting Our Biological Resources ISBN 978-0-309-52075-1 . ↑ Burton, Derek; Burton, Margaret (2017).Essential Fish Biology: Diversity, Structure and Function ISBN 978-0-19-878555-2 .Trichomycteridae ... includes obligate parasitic fish. Thus 17 genera from 2 subfamilies,Vandelliinae ; 4 genera, 9spp. andStegophilinae ; 13 genera, 31 spp. are parasites on gills (Vandelliinae) or skin (stegophilines) of fish. ↑19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Nicol, David (June 1969). "The Number of Living Species of Molluscs".Systematic Zoology .18 (2): 251–254.doi :10.2307/2412618 .JSTOR 2412618 . ↑20.0 20.1 20.2 Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê<ref> tag;chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jīFelder2009 ↑ Sluys, R. (1999). "Global diversity of land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola): a new indicator-taxon in biodiversity and conservation studies".Biodiversity and Conservation .8 (12): 1663–1681.doi :10.1023/A:1008994925673 . Unknown parameter|s2cid= ignored (help ) ↑22.0 22.1 Pandian, T. J. (2020).Reproduction and Development in Platyhelminthes ISBN 978-1-000-05490-3 .goân-loē-iông tī 26 July 2020 hőng khó͘-pih.19 May 2020 khòaⁿ--ê . Unknown parameter|url-status= ignored (help ) ↑ Fontaneto, Diego."Marine Rotifers | An Unexplored World of Richness" (PDF) . JMBA Global Marine Environment. pp. 4–5.goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2 March 2018 hőng khó͘-pih.2 March 2018 khòaⁿ--ê . Unknown parameter|url-status= ignored (help ) ↑ Morand, Serge; Krasnov, Boris R.; Littlewood, D. Timothy J. (2015).Parasite Diversity and Diversification ISBN 978-1-107-03765-6 .goân-loē-iông tī 12 December 2018 hőng khó͘-pih.2 March 2018 khòaⁿ--ê . Unknown parameter|url-status= ignored (help ) ↑ Philippe, H.; Brinkmann, H.; Copley, R.R.; Moroz, L.L.; Nakano, H.; Poustka, A.J.; Wallberg, A.; Peterson, K.J.; Telford, M.J. (2011)."Acoelomorph flatworms are deuterostomes related toXenoturbella " .Nature .470 (7333): 255–258.Bibcode :2011Natur.470..255P .doi :10.1038/nature09676 .PMC 4025995 PMID 21307940 . ↑ Perseke, M.; Hankeln, T.; Weich, B.; Fritzsch, G.; Stadler, P.F.; Israelsson, O.; Bernhard, D.; Schlegel, M. (2007-08)."The mitochondrial DNA of Xenoturbella bocki: genomic architecture and phylogenetic analysis" (PDF) .Theory Biosci .126 (1): 35–42.doi :10.1007/s12064-007-0007-7 .PMID 18087755 .goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2019-04-24 hőng khó͘-pih.2018-03-04 khòaⁿ--ê . ↑ Cannon, Johanna T.; Vellutini, Bruno C.; Smith III, Julian.; Ronquist, Frederik; Jondelius, Ulf; Hejnol, Andreas (2016-02-03)."Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa" .Nature .530 (7588): 89–93.Bibcode :2016Natur.530...89C .doi :10.1038/nature16520 .PMID 26842059 . ↑ Peters, Kenneth E.; Walters, Clifford C.; Moldowan, J. Michael (2005).The Biomarker Guide: Biomarkers and isotopes in petroleum systems and Earth history .2 . Cambridge University Press. p. 717.ISBN 978-0-521-83762-0 . ↑ Hejnol, A.; Martindale, M.Q. (2009). Telford, M.J.; Littlewood, D.J., pian.The mouth, the anus, and the blastopore – open questions about questionable openings Animal Evolution – Genomes, Fossils, and Trees . Oxford University Press. pp. 33–40.ISBN 978-0-19-957030-0 . Goân-pún bāng-ia̍hPó-chûn tī 2018-10-28.2018-03-01 khòaⁿ--ê . Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: 使用群組名稱 "lower-alpha" 的<ref> 標籤已存在，但查無對應的<references group="lower-alpha"/> 標籤
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