ⵉⵔⵉⵜⵔⵢⴰ

ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵉⵙⵖⵡⴰⵏ

ⵉⵔⵉⵜⵔⵢⴰ
دولة إرتريا (ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ) ሃገረ ኤርትራ (Tigrinya)
ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵡⵎⵔⵉⴳⵜ ⵉⵣⵍⵉ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ:Ertra, Ertra, Ertra
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵉⵜⵔⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⴰ 15°29′00″N38°15′00″E / 15.483333°N 38.25°E /15.483333; 38.25
ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ	Asmara
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵉⵏ	Tigrinya,ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ,ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ
ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴳ	ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ (18) ⵜⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ African Union International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Development Association International Finance Corporation Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency African Development Bank Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵓⵍⵜⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons ⵢⵓⵏⵉⵙⴽⵓ Union postale universelle UPU International Telecommunication Union World Meteorological Organization WHO World Customs Organization Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons African Continental Free Trade Area
ⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹ
ⴰⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹ	Isaias Afwerki
ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ	President of Eritrea
ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ
ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ	Isaias Afwerki
ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ	National Assembly
ⴰⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵓⵣⵔⵉⴼ	National Assembly
ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ	1993
ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ
ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ	117 600 ⴽⵎ²
ⴰⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ	ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ
ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴽⴷ	ⵙⵓⴷⴰⵏ,ⵊⵉⴱⵓⵜⵉ,ⵉⵜⵢⵓⴱⵢⴰ,League of Arab States
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ	Emba Soira
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⵡ	Lake Kulul
ⵉⵏⵉⴳⵍ ⴰⵊⵢⵓⴳⵕⴰⴼⵉ	338010
ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵖⵔⴼⵜ
ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ	▼ 3 497 000(2019) ⵙ ⵓⵔⵉⵙ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ: 1 817 878(2022) ⵜⵉⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ: 1 866 154(2022)
ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ	1 570 319(2022)
ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⴰ	2 113 713(2022)
ⵜⴰⵏⵥⵥⵉ	29,74 ⵣⴷⵖ/ⴽⵎ²
ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ	65,092 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ(2016)
ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵛⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵖⵉⵎⴰⵏ	7,9(2016)
ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ
ⴰⴷⵔⵉⵎ	nakfa
ⴰⴱⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ	Bank of Eritrea
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ
ⴰⵏⵎⵎⴰⵍ	▼ 0,492(2021)
ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⵓⵔⵉ	7%(2014)
ⵜⵉⵏⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ
ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵓⵏ	+291
ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏⴻⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵥⵡⴰⵢⵜ	114,113,116
ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ	ER
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵏⵉⴽⵓⴷ	🇪🇷
ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏ	625
ⴰⴳⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ	.er
ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ
ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴷⴰⵀ	ⴰⴼⴰⵙⵉ
ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵉⴱ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ	www.shabait.com/index.php
ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⴹ ⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏ	ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ (2) ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (+03:00) Africa/Addis_Ababa
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ


ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ -ⵙⵏⴼⵍ -ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ

ⵉⵔⵉⵜⵔⵢⴰ

دولة إرتريا (ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ)

ሃገረ ኤርትራ (Tigrinya)

ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ

ⵜⴰⵡⵎⵔⵉⴳⵜ

ⵉⵣⵍⵉ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ:Ertra, Ertra, Ertra

ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵉⵜⵔⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⴰ

15°29′00″N38°15′00″E / 15.483333°N 38.25°E /15.483333; 38.25

ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ

Asmara

ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵉⵏ

Tigrinya,ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ,ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ

ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴳ

ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ

(18)

ⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹ

ⴰⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹ

Isaias Afwerki

ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ

President of Eritrea

ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ

ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ

Isaias Afwerki

ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ

National Assembly

ⴰⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵓⵣⵔⵉⴼ

National Assembly

ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ

ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ

1993

ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ

ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ

117 600 ⴽⵎ²

ⴰⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ

ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ

ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴽⴷ

ⵙⵓⴷⴰⵏ,ⵊⵉⴱⵓⵜⵉ,ⵉⵜⵢⵓⴱⵢⴰ,League of Arab States

ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ

Emba Soira

ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⵡ

Lake Kulul

ⵉⵏⵉⴳⵍ ⴰⵊⵢⵓⴳⵕⴰⴼⵉ

338010

ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵖⵔⴼⵜ

ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ

▼ 3 497 000(2019)

ⵙ ⵓⵔⵉⵙ

ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ: 1 817 878(2022)
ⵜⵉⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ: 1 866 154(2022)

ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ

1 570 319(2022)

ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⴰ

2 113 713(2022)

ⵜⴰⵏⵥⵥⵉ

29,74 ⵣⴷⵖ/ⴽⵎ²

ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ

65,092 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ(2016)

ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵛⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵖⵉⵎⴰⵏ

7,9(2016)

ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ

ⴰⴷⵔⵉⵎ

nakfa

ⴰⴱⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ

Bank of Eritrea

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ

ⴰⵏⵎⵎⴰⵍ

▼ 0,492(2021)

ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⵓⵔⵉ

7%(2014)

ⵜⵉⵏⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ

ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵓⵏ

+291

ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏⴻⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵥⵡⴰⵢⵜ

114,113,116

ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵏⵉⴽⵓⴷ

🇪🇷

ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏ

625

ⴰⴳⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ

.er

ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ

ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴷⴰⵀ

ⴰⴼⴰⵙⵉ

ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵉⴱ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ

www.shabait.com/index.php

ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⴹ ⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏ

ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ

(2)

ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ

ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ -ⵙⵏⴼⵍ -ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ

ⵥⵕ ⵎⵙⴳ ⵙⵏⴼ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ
ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵓⵔⵉⵏ	ⵉⵜⵢⵓⴱⵢⴰ ⵉⵔⵉⵜⵉⵔⵢⴰ ⴰⵏⴳⵓⵍⴰ ⵓⴳⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⴱⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴱⵓⵜⵙⵡⴰⵏⴰ ⴱⵓⵔⴽⵉⵏⴰ ⴼⴰⵙⵓ ⴱⵓⵔⵓⵏⴷⵉ ⵜⵛⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⵓ ⵜⵓⵏⵙ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⵜⵉⴳⵣⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⴽⵓⵏⴳⵓ ⴽⵓⵏⴳⵓ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⴷⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⴰⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵙⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⵊⵉⴱⵓⵜⵉ ⵉⵅⴼ ⴰⵣⴳⵣⴰⵡ ⵔⵡⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⵥⴰⵎⴱⵢⴰ ⵣⵉⵎⴱⴰⴱⵡⵉ ⴰⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵥⵔ ⵙⴰⵡ ⵜⵓⵎⵉ ⴷ ⴱⵔⵉⵏⵙⵉⴱⴱⵉ ⵙⵉⵏⵉⴳⴰⵍ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵙⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⵙⵉⵔⴰⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵙⵉⵛⵍ ⵚⵓⵎⴰⵍ ⴳⴰⴱⵓⵏ ⴳⴰⵎⴱⵢⴰ ⴳⴰⵏⴰ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⴳⴷⵓⵜ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⴱⵉⵙⴰⵡ ⴽⴰⵎⵉⵔⵓⵏ ⴽⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵍⵉⴱⵉⵔⵢⴰ ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ ⵍⵉⵙⵓⵜⵓ ⵎⴰⵍⵉ ⵎⴰⴷⴰⴳⴰⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ¹ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵍⴰⵡⵉ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵛⵢⵓⵙ ⵎⵓⵣⴰⵎⴱⵉⵇ ⵏⴰⵎⵉⴱⵢⴰ ⵏⵉⵊⵔ ⵏⵉⵊⵉⵔⵢⴰ
ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⵜ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ	ⵚⵓⵎⴰⵍⵉⵍⴰⵏⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵜ
ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴷⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴳⴳⵯⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ	ⵜⵉⴳⵣⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴰⵏⴰⵔⵉⵢⵉⵏ /ⵙⴱⵜⴰ /ⵎⵍⵉⵍⵢⴰ /ⴱⵍⴰⵣⴰⵙ ⴷⵉ ⵙⵓⴱⵉⵔⴰⵏⵢⴰ(ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ) ⵎⴰⴷⵉⵔⴰ(ⴱⵔⵜⵇⵉⵣ) ⵎⴰⵢⵓⵜ /ⵍⴰ ⵔⵉⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓⵏ(ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ) ⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵀⵉⵍⴰⵏⴰ /ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⵛⵉⵏ /ⵜⵔⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ ⴷⴰ ⴽⵓⵏⴰ(ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ)
¹ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⴽⵛⵎⵏ ⵉⴽⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ.

ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ (ⵜⵉⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵏ)
ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ	ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ (ISNI) ⴰⵎⵙⵎⴰⴳⵉ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ ⴰⵎⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ (VIAF) ⵜⴰⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ (GND) ⴰⵎⵙⵎⴰⴳⵉ ⴰⴳⵜⵓⴷⵎ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵙⵉ (FAST) WorldCat
ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ	ⴰⵎⵙⵎⴰⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵓⵏⴳⵔⵉⵙ (LCNAF) ⴰⵎⵙⵎⴰⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ (BnF) ⴰⵎⵙⵎⴰⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ (BnF) ⴰⵎⵙⵎⴰⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏ (NDL) ⴰⵎⵙⵎⴰⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵏ ⵉⵜⵛⵉⴽⵉⵢⵏ (NLCR AUT) ⴰⵎⵙⵎⴰⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ (BNE) ⴰⵎⵙⵎⴰⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ ⴰⵡⵏⵓⵔⵡⵉⵊ (BIBSYS) ⴰⵎⵙⵎⴰⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵣⴰⴳⵔⴱ (NSK) Sweden Vatican Israel Catalonia
ⴰⵊⵢⵓⴳⵔⴰⴼⵉ	ⴰⵎⵙⵎⴰⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵎⵢⵓⵣⵉⴽ ⴱⵔⵉⵏⵣ ⵉ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ
ⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵏ	ⴰⵎⵙⵎⴰⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ (KulturNav)
ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ	UK Parliament
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ	ⴰⵎⵙⵎⴰⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⴰⵎ (IdRef) ⴰⵎⵙⵎⴰⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵡⵉⵙⵔⴰ (HDS) ⴰⵎⵙⵎⴰⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵃⴹⴰⵢ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ (NAID) Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine İslâm Ansiklopedisi Yale LUX

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