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Scandium

Lát'ọwọ́ Wikipedia, ìwé ìmọ̀ ọ̀fẹ́
Chemical element with atomic number 21Àdàkọ:SHORTDESC:Chemical element with atomic number 21
Scandium, 21Sc
Scandium
Pípè/ˈskændiəm/​(SKAN-dee-əm)
Ìhànsójúsilvery white
Ìwúwo átọ̀mùAr, std(Sc)44.955908(5)[1]
Scandium ní orítábìlì àyè
HydrogenHelium
LithiumBerylliumBoronCarbonNitrogenOxygenFluorineNeon
SodiumMagnesiumAluminiumSiliconPhosphorusSulfurChlorineArgon
PotassiumCalciumScandiumTitaniumVanadiumChromiumManganeseIronCobaltNickelCopperZincGalliumGermaniumArsenicSeleniumBromineKrypton
RubidiumStrontiumYttriumZirconiumNiobiumMolybdenumTechnetiumRutheniumRhodiumPalladiumSilverCadmiumIndiumTinAntimonyTelluriumIodineXenon
CaesiumBariumLanthanumCeriumPraseodymiumNeodymiumPromethiumSamariumEuropiumGadoliniumTerbiumDysprosiumHolmiumErbiumThuliumYtterbiumLutetiumHafniumTantalumTungstenRheniumOsmiumIridiumPlatinumGoldMercury (element)ThalliumLeadBismuthPoloniumAstatineRadon
FranciumRadiumActiniumThoriumProtactiniumUraniumNeptuniumPlutoniumAmericiumCuriumBerkeliumCaliforniumEinsteiniumFermiumMendeleviumNobeliumLawrenciumRutherfordiumDubniumSeaborgiumBohriumHassiumMeitneriumDarmstadtiumRoentgeniumCoperniciumNihoniumFleroviumMoscoviumLivermoriumTennessineOganesson
-
↑
Sc
↓
Y
calcium ←scandium →titanium
Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù(Z)21
Ẹgbẹ́group 3
Àyèàyè 4
Àdìpọ̀Àdìpọ̀-d
Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì Transition metal
Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan2, 8, 9, 2
Àwọn ohun ìní ara
Ìfarahànat STPsolid
Ìgbà ìyọ́1814 K​(1541 °C,​2806 °F)
Ígbà ìhó3109 K​(2836 °C,​5136 °F)
Kíki(near r.t.)2.985 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)2.80 g/cm3
Heat of fusion14.1 kJ/mol
Heat of332.7 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity25.52 J/(mol·K)
 pressure
P (Pa)1101001 k10 k100 k
at T (K)16451804(2006)(2266)(2613)(3101)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states0,[2] +1,[3] +2,[4]+3Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.36
energies
Atomic radiusempirical:162 pm
Covalent radius170±7 pm
Van der Waals radius211 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of scandium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structure​hexagonal
Hexagonal crystal structure for scandium
Thermal expansion(r.t.) (α, poly)
10.2 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity15.8 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity(r.t.) (α, poly)
calc. 562 n Ω·m
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic
Young's modulus74.4 GPa
Shear modulus29.1 GPa
Bulk modulus56.6 GPa
Poisson ratio0.279
Brinell hardness750 MPa
CAS Number7440-20-2
Mainisotopes of scandium
Iso­topeAbun­danceHalf-life(t1/2)Decay modePro­duct
44mScsyn58.61 hIT0.270944Sc
γ1.0, 1.1, 1.144Sc
ε-44Ca
45Sc100%45Sc isstable with 24neutrons
46Scsyn83.79 dβ−0.356946Ti
γ0.889, 1.120-
47Scsyn3.3492 dβ−0.44, 0.6047Ti
γ0.159-
48Scsyn43.67 hβ−0.66148Ti
γ0.9, 1.3, 1.0-
Àdàkọ:Category-inline
|references
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[àtúnṣe |àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
  1. ↑Meija,Juris;Coplen,Tyler B.;Berglund,Michael;Brand,Willi A.;De Bièvre,Paul;Gröning,Manfred;Holden,Norman E.;Irrgeher,Johannaet al.(2016)."Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)".Pure and Applied Chemistry88(3): 265–91.doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. 
  2. ↑F. Geoffrey N. Cloke;Karl Khan;Robin N. Perutz(1991)."η-Arene complexes of scandium(0) and scandium(II)".J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun.(19): 1372–1373.doi:10.1039/C39910001372. 
  3. ↑Smith,R. E.(1973)."Diatomic Hydride and Deuteride Spectra of the Second Row Transition Metals".Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences332(1588): 113–127.Bibcode1973RSPSA.332..113S.doi:10.1098/rspa.1973.0015. 
  4. ↑McGuire,Joseph C.;Kempter, Charles P.(1960)."Preparation and Properties of Scandium Dihydride".Journal of Chemical Physics33(5): 1584–1585.Bibcode1960JChPh..33.1584M.doi:10.1063/1.1731452. 
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