Júpítérì nipílánẹ́ẹ̀tì karùn-ún láti ọ̀dọ̀Òòrùn àti pílánẹ́ẹ̀tìtó tóbi jùlọ nínúètò òòrùn.[13] O jeomiran efuufu kan peluisupo kan to fi die din ju ikan-ninu-idaegberun ti Orun lo sugbon isupo lona meji ati abo gbogbo awon planeti yioku ninu Sistemu Orun wa lapapo. Júpítérì je kikosoto bi omiran efuufu kan peluSatu,Uranu atiNeptu. Lakopo, awon planeti merin yi je pipe nigba miran bi planetiJofia.
Júpítérì lati bere jehaidrojin pelu ikan-ninu-idamerin isupo to jehelium; o si tun se e se ko ni inu alapata awon apilese wiwuwo. Nitoripe o un yipo kiakia, iwoiri Júpítérì je biobiriki afelegbe (o wu die sita ni agedemeji re). Ojuorun ode re je yiyasoto si orisirisi egbe ni ila-idubule otooto, to un fa iji ati rudurudu legbe awon bode to unkanra won. Esi eyi niGreat Red Spot, iji omiran kan to ti je mimo lati orundun 17k nigbati o koko je riri peluteleskopu. To yika planeti yi ni sistemuoruka planeti atiayikagberigberin alagbara. Be si tun ni o ni awon osupa 63, ninu won ni awon osupa gbangba merin ti won unjeawon osupa Galilie ti won koko je wiwari latowoGalileo Galilei ni 1610.Ganymede, eyi totobijulo ninu awon osupa yi ni diamita totobiju planetMercury lo.
Júpítérì ti je wiwakiri ninu lopolopo igba peluoko-ofurufu roboti, agaga nigba awon iranlose ifokojaPioneer atiVoyager ati leyin won peluGalileo orbiter. Oko iwadi to pese lo si Júpítérì ni oko-ofurufu to unlo siPluto,New Horizons ni opin February 2007. Oko iwadi yilo iwolura lati odo Júpítérì lati fun ni isare pupo. Awon iwakiri ojowaju ninu sistemu Jofia ni wiwa omi ti tinyin bo mole ninu osupaEuropa.
Júpítérì je kikieloelefuufu atiolomi. Ohun ni o tobijulo larin awonomiran efuufu mererin ati bakannaplaneti totobijulo ninusistemu orun pelu diamita 142,984 km niagedemeji re. Ikisi Júpítérì, 1.326 g/cm³, ni ekeji to gajulo larin awon planeti omiran efuufu. Sugbon, ikisi re kereju ti awonplaneti onile mererin lo.
Oke ojuorun Júpítérì je bii 88–92% haidrojin ati 8–12% helium gegebi inuogorun itobi tabi ida awonigbonwo efuufu (see table to the right). Nitoripeatomu helium kan ni biisupo lona merin ti atomuhydrogen kan, ajoropo yato nigbati a ba wo bi ipin isupo ti atomu kookan mu wa. Nitorieojuorun je bi 75% haidrojin ati 24% helium gegebi isupo, pelu bi ikan ninuogorun yioku isupo je awon apilese yioku. Inu re loun ni awon eroja kiki bi be to je pe ipin je 71% hydrogen, 24% helium ati 5% awon apilese yioku bi isupo. Ojuorun re ni iye taseremetani,oru omi,ammonia, ati awon adapo ti won nisilicon. Bakanna awon iye taserecarbon,ethane,haidrojin onisulfur,neon,oxygen,phosphine, atisulfur. Ipele to bo sode julo ojuorun re ni awoncrystal ammonia gigan.[15][16] Throughinfrared andultraviolet measurements, trace amounts ofbenzene and otherhydrocarbons have also been found.[17]
Iyeipin haidrojin ati helium ojuorun sunmo daada mo ajokopo elero primordialnebula orun. Sibesibe, neon to wa ni oke ojuorun je ida 20 ninu egbegberun (parts per million) gegebi isupo, to je bi ikan ninu idamera bo se po to ninu Orun.[18] Helium is also depleted, although only to about 80% of the Sun's helium composition. This depletion may be a result ofprecipitation of these elements into the interior of the planet.[19] Ijantirere awon efuufu alaigera towuwoju ninu ojuorun Júpítérì je bi emeji mo emeta ti Orun.
Nipile loriiwo ipele awo,Satu je lilero pe o je bakanna ni ajokopo mo Júpítérì, sugbon awon efuufu omiranUranu atiNeptu ni haidrojin ati helium didinku lafiwe.[20] Sugbon, nitori ailewole awon oko iwadi si ojuorun awon planeti ti won jinna ju Júpítérì lo, ko si awon nomba pato to daju fun ijantirere awon apilese towuwoju fun awon planeti wonyi.
Approximate size comparison of Earth and Jupiter, including the Great Red Spot
Júpítérì je lona 2.5isupo apapo gbogbo awon planeti yioku ninu Sistemu Orun—eyi supo to be to fi je pearin iwuwo re peluOrun wa lokeojude Orun ni 1.068 itande orun lati inu arin Orun. Botilejepe planeti yi tobi ju Aye lo pelu diamita lona 11 ti Aye, kikisi re din ju ti Aye lo daada. Itobinu Júpítérì je adogba mo 1,321 ti Aye, sibesibe planeti na supo lona 318 lasan ju Aye lo.[5][21] Jupiter has a radius equal to 0.10 times theradius of the Sun,[22] and has a mass of 0.001 times themass of the Sun, making them approximately equal in density.[23] Eyo iwon "isupo Júpítérì" kan (MJ or MJup) lo unsaba je lilo lati juwe isupo awon ohun miran, agaga awonplaneti odeorun ati awonbrown dwarfs. Bi be, fun apere, planet odeorunHD 209458 b ni isupo 0.69 MJ, nigbatiCOROT-7b ni isupo 0.015 MJ.[24]
Awon afijuwe elero fihan pe to ba je pe Júpítérì ni iye isupo to poju iye to ni bayi lo, planeti na yio funpomora. Nitoripe fun iyato die ni isupo,itande ko ni fi be yato, ati pe ni bi isupo Júpítérì merin soke inu re yio je jijofunpo gidigidi labe agbara irelura ti yio posi to fi je pe itobinu planeti na yio "dinku" botilejepe iye elo ti po si. Nitorie, Jupiter je lilero pe o ni diamita totobi fun iru ajokopo planeti na ati ti itan iyojade le se. Imuse ifunpo siwaju pelu iposi isupo yio tesiwaju titi tiigbanaje irawo to se e ri yio fi sele bo se wa ninu awonbrown dwarf onisupo niunla pelu isupo Júpítérì 50.[25] eyi lo fa ti awon atorawo kan se unpe ni "irawo akuna" (failed star)[citation needed], botilejepe ko daju boya awon ona imuse to unfa ida awon planeti bi Júpítérì je ikanna bi ti awon ona imuse ida opolopo awonsistemu irawo.
Botilejepe Júpítérì yio fe lati je lona 75 isupo yi ko to le sedadipo haidrojin lati diirawo,arara pupa kikerejulo je bi 30 ninuogorun lasan ni titobijulo itande ju Júpítérì lo.[26][27] Sibesibe, Júpítérì si un setanjade oru/igbona ju iye to ungba latodo Orun lo. Iye oru to un wa lati inu planeti na fe tto dogba mo apapoitanjade orun to un gba.[28] Itanjade oru yioku yi un wa peluiseise Kevin-Hemholtz nipa irunpoalailekoja. Ona imuse yi unfa ki planeti na o funpo bi 2 cm lodoodun.[29] Nigba to koko je dida, Júpítérì gbona ju bayi lo, o si ni diamita to po lona meji ju bayi lo.[30]
This cut-away illustrates a model of the interior of Jupiter, with a rocky core overlaid by a deep layer ofmetallic hydrogen.
Júpítérì je lilero pe o niinu kiki pelu adalu awon apilese, ipele ayipoka liquidhaidrojin onide olomi pelu helium melo kan, ati ipele ode to kun funhaidrojin igbonwo.[29] Leyin outline die yi, iyoku ko daju. Inu re unsaba je jijuwe bialapata, sugbon ekunrere akojopo re je aimo, be na lo ri fun awon ini eroja to wa ni awon igbonasi ati itemo awon ibu/ijin na (e wo isale). Ni 1997, iwon irelura lo fi dalaba pe o ni inu,[29] lati safihan isupo lona lati 12 de 45 ti isupo Aye tabi bi 3%–15% gbogbo isupo Júpítérì.[28][31]
Pe inuarin wa nigba kan ninu itan Júpítérì je didalaba pelu awon afijuwe iseda planeti to so pe inuarin alapata tan yinyin koko wa to supo to be to lati kojo opo haidrojin ati helium re latodonebula orunakoko. Ti a ba gba pe o wa, o le ti funpo bi iwo igbona sita haidrojin onide olomi gbigbona ba se un dalu mo inuarin yiyo to si gbe awon akoonu re lo si ibi giga ninu planeti na. Inuarin le mo si rara bayi nitoripe awon iwon irelura ko daju to lati fihan pe ko je be rararara.[29][32]
Aidaju afijuwe na je nitori iye ipoto asise ninu awon paramita wiwon: ikan ninu awon afisodipupo alayirapo (J6) to je lilo lati fi juwe igba irelura planeti na, atanka alagedemeji Júpítérì, ati igbonasi re ni itemo 1 bar. Ireti ni peiranlose JUNO, ti yio gbera ni 2011, yio se idikun awon asise awon paramita wonyi, lati mulosiwaju wa si isoro inuarin.[33]
Agbegbe inuarin je yiyika peluhaidrojin onide kiki, to fe sode de bi 78 ninuogorun atanka planeti na.[28] Helium kikan bi ojo ati neon unro sile latinu ipele yi, lati mu idinku ijantirere awon apilese wonyi wa ninu oke ojuorun.[19][34]
Loke ipele haidrojin onide na ni ayika inu alaridenuwo ti haidrojin. Ninu ijin yi, igbonasi po juigbonasi elewu lo, fun haidrojin to je 33 K lasan[35] (e wohaidrojin).Ni ipo yi, ko si iyato isaye olomi ati elefuufu - haidrojin je sisope o wa ni ipo asan supercritical. Sibesibe, o rorun lati wo haidrojin bi efuufu ni ipele oke to unfe si sale lati isu ipele de ijin to to 1,000 km,[28] ati bi olomi ni awon ipele jijinju. Logidi, ko si bode kedere kankan - efuufu di gbigbona ati kiki bo se unwale felefele.[36][37]
Igbonasi ati itemo ninu Júpítérì unposi titi de inuarin. Ni agbegbephase transition nibi ti haidrojin-to je gbigbegbona koja ojuami ewu—di onide, o je gbigbagbo pe igbonasi je10,000 K be e sini itemo je200GPa. Igbonasi ni bode inuarin je jijeye pe o je 36,000 K beesini itemo inu je bi3,000–4,500 GPa.[28]
Júpítérì lo ni afefeayika planeti totobijulo ninu Sistemu Orun, o gun to 5000 km.[38][39] Nitoripe Júpítérì ko ni ojude, ipile afefeayika re je gbigba bi ojuami ibi ti itemo afefeayika ti dogba mo 10 bars, tabi ona mewa itemo lori Aye.[38]
This looping animation shows the movement of Jupiter's counter-rotating cloud bands. In this image, the planet's exterior is mapped onto acylindrical projection. Animation at larger widths:720 pixels,1799 pixels.
Júpítérì nigbogbo igba je bibomole pelu awon isujo crystal ammonia ati o si se e se peluammonium onisulfurhaidrojin. Awon isujo na budo siidaduro-oloru won si je tito si bandiibiojugbolojo, to unje agbegbe oloru. Awon wonyi si tun je pipin si ibiamure mimole die ati belti diduru die. Ibasepo awon iruiyilopo otooto unfa iji atiisoro.Iyara iji 100 m/s (360 km/h) wopo ni ibiamure ifon.[40] Akiyesi fihan pe awon ibiamure wonyi yato ni fifesi, awo ati ponpon lati odun de odun, sugbon won ti duro kankan to be to fun awon atorawo lati fun won ni oruko idamo.[21]
Ipele isujo je bi 50 km ni jijin lasan, be sini o ni o ni iruipele meji: iruipele kiki labe ati agbegbe tinrin hihan die. O si tun se e se ki ipele tinrin isujoomi kan o wa labe ipele ammonia, bo se han pelu isanamonamona ti won je gbigbamu ninu afefeojuorun Júpítérì. (Omi jeigbonwo olopo kan to le gbe idira kan, bi be o le se iyato idira to ye lati se monamona.)[28] Awon ijuwo idira onina yi le lagbara lona egberun ju monamona Aye lo.[41] Awon isujo omi le da ijiara ti igbona lati inu ungbe kiri.[42]
Awo osan ati brown inu isujo Júpítérì wa lati iwusoke awon adapo ti won unyi awo won pada nigbati won ba dojuko imoleultraviolet lati odo Orun. ohun to wa ninu awon adapo wonyi ko daju, botilejepe fosforu, sulfur tabi boyahaidrokarbon ni won je gbigbagbo pe won je.[28][43] Awon adapo alawo yi, ti won unjekromofori, undalu po mo awon isujo liloworo iruipele isale. Awon ibiamure je dida nigbati awonahamo igbonalatinu ti won unbu soke ba da ammonia crystallizing ti won bo awon isujo isale wonyi .[44]
Iteju ipo rirele Júpítérì tumosi pe awon oriopo ungbaitankale orun didin nigbogbo igba ju agbegbe alagedemeji planeti na lo. Sugbonigbonalatinu ninu planeti na ungbe okun pupo lo si awon oriopo, eyi un unmu idogba ba awon igbonasi ti won wa ni ipele isujo.[21]
This dramatic view of Jupiter's Great Red Spot and its surroundings was obtained byVoyager 1 on February 25, 1979, when the spacecraft was 9.2 million km (5.7 million mi) from Jupiter. Cloud details as small as 160 km (100 mi) across can be seen here. The colorful, wavy cloud pattern to the left of the Red Spot is a region of extraordinarily complex and variable wave motion. To give a sense of Jupiter's scale, the white oval storm directly below the Great Red Spot is approximately the same diameter as Earth.
Ini to gbajumojulo ti Júpítérì ni niOju Pupa Ninla,ijiolodi-ijiyipo to unsele nigbogbo igba to budo si 22° ariwa agedemeji to tobiju Aye lo. O ti je mimo pe o kere ju o wa lati 1831,[45] o se e se ko je lati 1665.[46] Awonafijuwe onimathimatiki da laba pe iji na je lekanlekan ati pe o se e se ko je ini planeti na to wa ni gbogbo igba.[47] Iji yi tobi to be to fun awontelikopu ni Aye ti won niaperture of12 cm tabi titobijubelo le fi seewo.[48]
Iji yi to ri biovalunyipolonaodiago, peluakoko bi ojo mefa.[49] Awon The Great Red Spot'segbegbe Oju Pupa Ninla je 24–40,000 km × 12–14,000 km. O tobi to lati gba planeti meji tabi meta to ni diamita Aye.[50] Ojuibigiga pipojulo iji yi je bi 8 km loke ayika awon ori isujo.[51]
Awon iru iji bayi wopo ninuafefeojuorunonisoro awonefuufu omiran. Bakanna Júpítérì tun ni awon oval funfun ati brown ovals, ti won kere ti won ko ni oruko. Awon oval funfun ni isupo bibale lafiwe ni afefeojuorun oke. awon Brown ovals je liloworo won si wa ninu ipele isujo deede. Awon iru iji bayi le to fun wakati die tabi sele to opo odunrun.
Time-lapse sequence from the approach ofVoyager I to Jupiter, showing the motion of atmospheric bands, and circulation of the Great Red Spot.Full size video here
Ko to di pe Voyager fihan pe ini na je iji, eri wa pe oju na ko se e sabase pelu ini jijin kankan lojude planeti na, nitoripe Oju na nyipo ni otooto lafiwe mo afefeojuorun yioku, nigba miran ni kiakia ati nigba miran ni diedie. Nigba itan akoole re o ti rinajo lopo igba yipo planeti na lafiwe si aseami ayipo gbaingbanin labe re yiowu to ba wa.
Ni 2000, ini afefeojuorun kan je dida nibi idajiojuorun apaariwa to jo Oju Pupa Ninla, sugbon to kerejulo. Eyi je dida nigbati awon iji bi oval funfun kekere darapo lati da ini kan soso—awon oval fufun kekere meta yi koko je siseakiyesi ni 1938. Oruko ini todarapo niOval BA, o si ni oruko alaje Oju Pupo Kekere. Latigbana o ti posi ni kikankikan o si ti yi awo re si pupa lati funfun.[52][53][54]
Júpítérì ni sistemu faintoruka planeti die to ni igesoto meta: an innertoru awon inu particles ti won unje halo, oruka to mole lafiwe, ati oruka gossamer ode.[55] Awon oruka yi da bi pe won je eruku, laije yinyin bi ti awon oruka Saturn.[28] Oruka agba se e se ko je sise lati owo awon eroja to ta kuro lodo awon ajaeyinAdrastea atiMetis. Eroja to je pe yio bo pada sinu osupa na je fifa sinu Júpítérì nitori agbara irelura to ni. Ojuonaiyipo eroja te lo sodo Júpítérì be sini eroja tuntun unje fifikun pelu ifaragbara miran.[56] Lona kanna ni awon osupaThebe atiAmalthea da iru ohun inu meji ti oruka gossamer.[56]Eri tu wa fun oruka alapata to sopo mo eti ojuonaiyipo Amalthea to se e se ko je idoti ifaragbara osupa na.[57]
Aurora on Jupiter. Three bright dots are created bymagnetic flux tubes that connect to the Jovian moons Io (on the left), Ganymede (on the bottom) and Europa (also on the bottom). In addition, the very bright almost circular region, called the main oval, and the fainter polar aurora can be seen.
Jupiter's broadPapa igberin Júpítérì gbagada ni agbara lona 14 ju ti Aye lo, lati 4.2 gauss (0.42mT) ni agedemeji de 10–14 gauss (1.0–1.4 mT) ni awon oriopo, eyi so di eyi tolagbara julo ninu Sistemu Orun (ayafi awonojuorun).[44] Papa yi je gbigbagbo pe ounwa latodo awoniwo eddy—irelo lilo awon eroja conducting materials—larin inu haidrojin onide. Awon ileru ni osupaIo unfon iye gbangbasulfur oloksijinmeji lati da toru efuufu kan leti ojuonaiyipo osupa na. Efuufu na je sisodi ioni ninu igberinojuorun lati da awonionisulfur atioxygen. Awon wonyi, lapapo mo awon ioni haidrojin to unwa latodo afefeojuorun Júpítérì, da form aplasma sheet ninu pete alagedemeji Júpítérì. Plasma na ninu sheet unjoyipo pelu planeti na lati fa ibajeida papa igberin oriopomeji si aboigberin (magnetodisk). Awon elektroni inu plasma sheet unfa amiradio alagbara toun fa ibu larin 0.6–30 MHz.[58]
Lati bi 75 itanka Júpítérì lati odo planeti na, ibasepo igberinojuorun na moiji orun unfabow shock. Eyi to yi igberinojuorun Júpítérì ka je amagnetopause, to budo si eti inumagnetosheath—agbegbe larin re ati bow shock. Iji orun unsebasepo mo awon agbegbe yi, lati fa igberinojuorun na nilee side Júpítérì to si unfa sita titi to fi fe de ojuonaiyipo Saturn. Awon osupa Júpítérì merin titobijulo ni gbogbo won yipolojuona to wa ninu igberinojuorun Júpítérì, eyi unda ao bo won lowo iji orun.[28]
Igberinojuorun Júpítérì lounfa itujade kikanradio lati awon agbegbe oriopo planeti na. Isele ileru inu osupa Jofia Io (e wo isale) untu efuufu sinu igberinojuorun Júpítérì, lati fa torus of particles kakiri planeti na. Bi Io se unrelo ninu toru yi, ibasepo na unfairu Alfvén to ungbe elo to ti di ioni sinu awon agbegbe oriopo Júpítérì. Nipa bayit, awon iru radio unje fifa wa pelucyclotronmaser mechanism, okun re si unje gbigberinna (transmitted) sita legbe ojude to ri bi aro. Nigbati Aye ba rekoja aro yi awon itujade radio latodo Júpítérì le ju itujade radio orun lo.[59]
Júpítérì nikan soso ni planeti to niarin isupo pelu Orun to dubule si ode itobisinu Orun, botilejepe eyi je 7% lasa itanka Orun.[60] Nomba-arin ijinna larin Júpítérì ati Orun je 778 million km (bi ona 5.2 nomba-arin ijinna lati Aye de Orun, tabi 5.2AU) o si unpari ojuonaiyipo kan ni odun 11.86. Eyi je meji-ninu-idamarun akoko ojuonaiyipoSaturn, lati da 5:2orbital resonance larin awon planeti meji titobijulo yi ninu Sistemu Orun.[61] ojuonaiyipo awodie (elliptical orbit) Júpítérì je te ni 1.31° lafiwe mo Aye. Nitorieccentricity 0.048, ijinna lati Júpítérì ati Orun yato bi 75 million km larinperihelion atiaphelion, tabi ojuami ijinna tosunmojulo ati tojinnajulo planeti na leba ipase ojuonaiyipo ni titelentele.
Ojuite ipo Júpítérì kere lafiwe: 3.13° lasan. Nitorie planeti yi ko ni iyipadaigba tosekoko, lodi si Aye ati Mars fun apere.[62]
Iyirapo Júpítérì ni o yarajulo ninu gbogbo awon planeti inu Sistemu Orun, ounpari iyirapo kan loriipo re larin wakati mewa odin die; eyi daiwu alagedemeji to se e fojuri pelu teliskopu lati Aye laisisoro. Iyirapo yi unfecentripetal acceleration ni alagedemeji bi 1.67 m/s², lafiwe mo irelura ojude alagedemeji 24.79 m/s²; bi be net acceleration iseku to wa ni ojude alagedemeji je bi 23.12 m/s² lasan. Planeti na ri bi obirikioblate, to tumosi pediameter niagedemeji re gunju diamita larinawon oriopo re lo. Lori Júpítérì, diamita alagedemeji je 9275 km nigigun ju diamita arin awon oriopo re lo.[37]
Nitoripe Júpítérì ki i se agbarajo lilekoko, afefeojuorun oke re niiyirapo olotooto. Iyirapo afefeojuorunoriopo Júpítérì je bi iseju 5 poju ti afefeojuorun alagedemeji; awon sistemu meta lounje lilo gege bi itokasi, agaga nigbati a ba unyaworan iwon irelo awon ini afefeojuorun. System I je lati awon ojuibigbooro 10° A de 10° G; akoko re ni eyi tokerejulo ti planeti, ni 9h 50m 30.0s. System II lati gbogbo awon ojuibigbooro ni ariwa ati guusu awon wonyi; akoko re je 9h 55m 40.6s. System III koko je titumo latowo awonatorawo radio, o si baramu mo iyirapoigberinojuorun planeti na; akoko re ni iyirapo onibise Júpítérì.[63]
↑Jupiter, entry in the Oxford English Dictionary, prepared by J. A. Simpson and E. S. C. Weiner, vol. 8, second edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.ISBN 0-19-861220-6 (vol. 8),ISBN 0-19-861186-2 (set.)
↑Yeomans, Donald K. (2006-07-13)."HORIZONS System". NASA JPL. Retrieved2007-08-08. — At the site, go to the "web interface" then select "Ephemeris Type: Elements", "Target Body: Jupiter Barycenter" and "Center: Sun".
↑Orbital elements refer to the barycenter of the Jupiter system, and are the instantaneousosculating values at the preciseJ2000 epoch. Barycenter quantities are given because, in contrast to the planetary centre, they do not experience appreciable changes on a day-to-day basis from to the motion of the moons.
↑Ingersoll, A. P.; Hammel, H. B.; Spilker, T. R.; Young, R. E. (June 1, 2005)."Outer Planets: The Ice Giants"(PDF). Lunar & Planetary Institute. Retrieved2007-02-01.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑21.021.121.2Burgess, Eric (1982).By Jupiter: Odysseys to a Giant. New York: Columbia University Press.ISBN0-231-05176-X.
↑Shu, Frank H. (1982).The physical universe: an introduction to astronomy. Series of books in astronomy (12th ed.). University Science Books. p. 426.ISBN0935702059.
↑Davis, Andrew M.; Turekian, Karl K. (2005).Meteorites, comets, and planets. Treatise on geochemistry,.1. Elsevier. p. 624.ISBN0080447201.
↑Jean Schneider (2009). "The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia: Interactive Catalogue". Paris Observatory.Missing or empty|url= (help);|access-date= requires|url= (help)
↑Various (2006). McFadden, Lucy-Ann; Weissman, Paul; Johnson, Torrence. ed.Encyclopedia of the Solar System (2nd ed.). Academic Press. p. 412.ISBN0120885891.
↑Horia, Yasunori; Sanoa, Takayoshi; Ikomaa, Masahiro; Idaa, Shigeru (2007). "On uncertainty of Jupiter's core mass due to observational errors".Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union (Cambridge University Press)3: 163–166.doi:10.1017/S1743921308016554.
↑Ingersoll, A. P.; Dowling, T. E.; Gierasch, P. J.; Orton, G. S.; Read, P. L.; Sanchez-Lavega, A.; Showman, A. P.; Simon-Miller, A. A.; Vasavada, A. R."Dynamics of Jupiter’s Atmosphere"(PDF). Lunar & Planetary Institute. Retrieved2007-02-01.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑Strycker, P. D.; Chanover, N.; Sussman, M.; Simon-Miller, A. (2006)."A Spectroscopic Search for Jupiter's Chromophores".DPS meeting #38, #11.15. American Astronomical Society. Retrieved2007-02-20.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑44.044.1Gierasch, Peter J.; Nicholson, Philip D. (2004)."Jupiter". World Book @ NASA. Archived fromthe original on 2011-08-10. Retrieved2006-08-10.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
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