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Hafnium

Lát'ọwọ́ Wikipedia, ìwé ìmọ̀ ọ̀fẹ́
Chemical element with atomic number 72Àdàkọ:SHORTDESC:Chemical element with atomic number 72
Hafnium, 72Hf
Hafnium
Pípè/ˈhæfniəm/ ​(HAF-nee-əm)
Ìhànsójústeel grey
Ìwúwo átọ̀mù Ar, std(Hf)178.486(6)[1]
Hafnium ní orítábìlì àyè
HydrogenHelium
LithiumBerylliumBoronCarbonNitrogenOxygenFluorineNeon
SodiumMagnesiumAluminiumSiliconPhosphorusSulfurChlorineArgon
PotassiumCalciumScandiumTitaniumVanadiumChromiumManganeseIronCobaltNickelCopperZincGalliumGermaniumArsenicSeleniumBromineKrypton
RubidiumStrontiumYttriumZirconiumNiobiumMolybdenumTechnetiumRutheniumRhodiumPalladiumSilverCadmiumIndiumTinAntimonyTelluriumIodineXenon
CaesiumBariumLanthanumCeriumPraseodymiumNeodymiumPromethiumSamariumEuropiumGadoliniumTerbiumDysprosiumHolmiumErbiumThuliumYtterbiumLutetiumHafniumTantalumTungstenRheniumOsmiumIridiumPlatinumGoldMercury (element)ThalliumLeadBismuthPoloniumAstatineRadon
FranciumRadiumActiniumThoriumProtactiniumUraniumNeptuniumPlutoniumAmericiumCuriumBerkeliumCaliforniumEinsteiniumFermiumMendeleviumNobeliumLawrenciumRutherfordiumDubniumSeaborgiumBohriumHassiumMeitneriumDarmstadtiumRoentgeniumCoperniciumNihoniumFleroviumMoscoviumLivermoriumTennessineOganesson
Zr
↑
Hf
↓
Rf
lutetium ←hafnium →tantalum
Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù(Z)72
Ẹgbẹ́group 4
Àyèàyè 6
Àdìpọ̀Àdìpọ̀-d
Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì Transition metal
Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
Àwọn ohun ìní ara
Ìfarahànat STPsolid
Ìgbà ìyọ́2506 K ​(2233 °C, ​4051 °F)
Ígbà ìhó4876 K ​(4603 °C, ​8317 °F)
Kíki (near r.t.)13.31 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)12 g/cm3
Heat of fusion27.2 kJ/mol
Heat of571 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity25.73 J/(mol·K)
 pressure
P (Pa)1101001 k10 k100 k
at T (K)268929543277367941944876
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−2, +1, +2, +3,+4Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.3
Atomic radiusempirical: 159 pm
Covalent radius175±10 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of hafnium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structure ​hexagonal
Hexagonal crystal structure for hafnium
Speed of sound thin rod3010 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion5.9 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity23.0 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity331 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[2]
Young's modulus78 GPa
Shear modulus30 GPa
Bulk modulus110 GPa
Poisson ratio0.37
Mohs hardness5.5
Vickers hardness1760 MPa
Brinell hardness1700 MPa
CAS Number7440-58-6
Mainisotopes of hafnium
Iso­topeAbun­danceHalf-life(t1/2)Decay modePro­duct
172Hfsyn1.87yε0.350172Lu
174Hf0.162%2×1015yα2.495170Yb
176Hf5.206%176Hf isstable with 104neutrons
177Hf18.606%177Hf isstable with 105neutrons
178Hf27.297%178Hf isstable with 106neutrons
178m2Hfsyn31yIT2.446178Hf
179Hf13.629%179Hf isstable with 107neutrons
180Hf35.1%180Hf isstable with 108neutrons
182Hfsyn9×106yβ−0.373182Ta
Àdàkọ:Category-inline
| references


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[àtúnṣe |àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
  1. ↑Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. 
  2. ↑Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
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