*Bharat Ganarajya, that is, the Republic of India inHindi,[4] written in theDevanāgarī script. See alsoother official names ‡ This is the figure as per theUnited Nations though the Indian government lists the total area as 3,287,260 square kilometres.[10]
Gẹ́gẹ́ bíi ilẹ̀ Ọ̀làjú Àfonífojì Indus jẹ́ ibí tó ní ìdàgbàsókè púpọ̀, abẹ́orílẹ̀ Índíà jẹ́ ibi àwọn ènìyàn mọ̀ fún ọlá àtiàṣà rẹ̀ káàkiri ayé.[13] Esin nla merin,Hinduism,Buddhism,Jainism atiSikhism ni won bere latibe, nigbatiZoroastrianism,Esin Ju,Esin Kristi atiImale de sibe ni egberundun akoko IO (CE) won si kopa ninu bi orisirisiasa agbegbe na seri. Diedie o je fifamora latowoBritish East India Company lati ibere orundun ikejidinlogun, o si di ile amusin Ile-oba Isodokan lati arin orundun ikandinlogun, India di orile-ede alominira ni 1947 leyinakitiyan fun isominira to se pataki funisatako alaise jagidijagan kakiri.[15]
Awon ibugbe apata Igba Okuta pelu awon iyaworan niBhimbetka rock shelters niMadhya Pradesh ni eri igbe eniyan pipejulo ni India. Awon ibudo akoko ti a mo bere ni odun to ju 9,000 seyin lo, diedie o si dagba soke siIndus Valley Civilisation,[20] ti ojo ori re to odun 3400 BCE ni apaiwoorun India. Eyi je titele peluVedic period, to se ipileseEsin Hindu ati awon asa miran igba ibere awujo India, o si pari ni awon odun 500 BCE. Lati bi 550 BCE, opolopo awon ile-oba alominira ati orile-ede olominira ti a mo biMahajanapadas je didasile kakiri ibe.[21]
Leyin awoniborile lati Arin Asia larin orundun 10th ati 12th, opo Ariwa India ni won bo si abe ijobaDelhi Sultanate ati leyin eyi sabeIleobaluaye Mughal. Labe isejobaAkbar the Great, India gbadun idagbasoke asa ati okowo pupo ati irepo esin.[25][26] Awon obaluaye Mughal diedie fe ile won si pupo lati dori apa nla abeorile. Sibesibe, niAriwa-Apailaorun India, alagbara to joba ibe ni ileobaAhom tiAssam, gege bi ikan ninu awon ileoba ti won lodi si ijobalenilori Mughal. Ihalemo ninla akoko si agbara ijoba Mughal wa latodo obaHinduRajput kanMaha Rana Pratap tiMewar ni orundun 16th ati leyin eyi latodo orile-ede Hindu kan to n jeadapapo Maratha, to joba lori opo India ni arin orundun 18th.[27]
Lati orundun 16th, awon alagbara ara Europe biPortugal,Hollandi,Fransi, atiIparapo Ileoba se idasile ibudo owo (trading posts) be sini leyin eyi won lo anfani ti awon ija abele ibe fa wa lati sedasile awon ibiamusin nibe. Nigba to fi di 1856, opo India ti bo sabe idariBritish East India Company.[28] Odun kan leyin eyi, igbogundi kakiri awon eyo ologun olodi ijoba ati awon ileoba, ti a mo biOgun Ilominira Akoko India tabiSepoy Mutiny, koju idari ile-ise yi gidigidi sugbon ko yori si rere. Nitori aidurorege, India bo si abe isejoba taaraOba Alade Britani.
Ni ojo 15 osu kejo 1947, India gba ilominira kuro lowo isejoba Britani, sugbon nigba kanna awonagbegbe ogunlogo Musulum je pipinniya lati da orile-ede otootoPakistan.[30] Ni ojo 26 osi kinni 1950, India di orile-ede olominira be siniilana ibagbepo tuntun je gbigbe jade.[31]
Ilana-Ibagbepo ile India, to je ilana-ibagbepo togunjulo ati to kunrerejulo ti orile-ede alominira lagbaye, je gbigba bi ofin ni 26 January 1950.[34]Akokosoilana-ibagbepo yi setumo India gege bi orile-edeolominiratoseluaralusovereign,sosialisti,ti araaye.[35] India ni ileasofin oniyewumeji to n sise bi sistemu onileasofiniru Westminster. Iru ijoba re je jijuwe pe o je bi 'quasi-federal' pelu gbongan to lagbara ati awon ipinle ti won ko lagbara,[36] sugbon o ti di apapo diedie lati opin awon odun 1990 nitori awon iyipada oloselu, olokowo ati alawujo.[37]
Aare ile India ni olori orile-ede[38] to je didiboyan latowoigbimo onidiboyan[39] fun igba odun marun kan.[40][41]Alakoso Agba ni olori ijoba, ohun lo si segbese opo agbara alase.[38] Gege bi yiyan latowo Aare,[42]Alakoso Agba je titileyin latowoegbe oloselu tabi ifowosowopo oloselu to ni ogunlogo awon ijoko ni ile kekere Ileasofin.[38] Apa ijoba apase ni Aare, Igbakeji Aare, atiIgbimo awon Alakoso (Kabinet ni igbimo apase re) ti olori re je Alakoso Agba. Alakoso yiowu to ni ipo gbodo je ikan ninu awon omo ile ileasofin. Ninu sistemu onileasofin ti India, apase wa labe asofin, nibi ti Alakoso Agba ati Igbimo re wa labe ile kekere.[43]
Asofin ile India niIleasofin oniyewumeji, to ni ile oke ti o n jeRajya Sabha (Igbimo awon Ipinle) ati ile kekere to n jeLok Sabha (Ile awon Eniyan).[44] Rajya Sabha, agbarajo aiyese, ni 245 omo egbe ti won wa nibe fun odun marun.[45] Opo won je didiboyan taara latowo awon asofinipinle ati agbegbe gege bi iye awon eniyan won.[45]
↑"Total Area of India"(PDF).Country Studies, India.Library of Congress –Federal Research Division. December 2004. Retrieved2007-09-03.The country’s exact size is subject to debate because some borders are disputed. The Indian government lists the total area as 3,287,260 square kilometres and the total land area as 3,060,500 square kilometres; the United Nations lists the total area as 3,287,263 square kilometres and total land area as 2,973,190 square kilometres.
↑"Constituent Assembly of India — Volume XII".Constituent Assembly of India: Debates. parliamentofindia.nic.in, National Informatics Centre. 1950-01-24. Retrieved2007-06-29.The composition consisting of the words and music known as Jana Gana Mana is the National Anthem of India, subject to such alterations in the words as the Government may authorise as occasion arises; and the song Vande Mataram, which has played a historic part in the struggle for Indian freedom, shall be honoured equally with Jana Gana Mana and shall have equal status with it.
↑12.012.1"India",Oxford English Dictionary, second edition, 2100a.d. Oxford University Press.
↑Echeverri-Gent, John (2002). "Politics in India's Decentred Polity". In Ayres, Alyssa; Oldenburg, Philip. Quickening the Pace of Change. India Briefing. London: M.E. Sharpe. ISBN076560812X. at pp. 19–20;Sinha, Aseema (2004). "The Changing Political Economy of Federalism in India". India Review3 (1): 25. doi:10.1080/14736480490443085. at pp. 25–33.
↑38.038.138.2Sharma, Ram (1950). "Cabinet Government in India". Parliamentary Affairs4 (1): 116–126.
↑"Election of President".The Constitution Of India. Constitution Society. Retrieved2 September 2007.The President shall be elected by the members of an electoral college.
↑Gledhill, Alan (1964). The Republic of India: The Development of Its Laws and Constitution (2nd ed.). Stevens and Sons. p. 112.
↑"Tenure of President's office".The Constitution Of India. Constitution Society. Retrieved2 September 2007.The President shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office.
↑"Appointment of Prime Minister and Council of Ministers".The Constitution Of India. Constitution Society. Retrieved2 September 2007.The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.
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