Èyí niìwé àlàyéọjọ́ewésubpage fúnÀdàkọ:Reflist. Ó ní àlàyé ìlò,àwọn ẹ̀ka àti àkóónú míràn tí wọn kò jẹ́ apá and other content that is not part of the original àdàkọ page.

Columns are currently supported only by newer versions ofGecko-based browsers (such asMozilla Firefox) andWebKit-based browsers (such asGoogle Chrome andSafari).All versions ofInternet Explorer through to version 9 andOpera through to version 11 do not support columns. Seebelow for more information.

This template encapsulates the<references /> tag to show the list of references defined by<ref></ref> tags, with some formatting. It reduces the font size and has options for columns and groups. References can be defined within the body of the article or within the reference list.

The<ref></ref> and<references /> tags are part of theCite.php MediaWiki extension.

Using only footnote-style references

== Content ==Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>== References =={{Reflist}}

Using only bibliographical style references (no direct references from the text)

== Content ==Lorem ipsum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.== References =={{Refbegin}}* reference 1* reference 2{{Refend}}

Using both footnote-style and bibliography-style references

== References =={{Reflist}}{{Refbegin}}* reference 1* reference 2{{Refend}}

Using{{Reflist|2}} will create a two-column reference list, and{{Reflist|3}} will create a three-column list, and so on. Choose the number of columns that is appropriate for the average width of the references on the page.

Using{{Reflist|30em}} will create columns with a minimum width of 30em, allowing the browser to automatically choose the number of columns based on the width of the web browser. Choose a column width that is appropriate for the average width of the references on the page.

Columns are currently supported only byGecko-based browsers (such asMozilla Firefox) andWebKit-based browsers (such asGoogle Chrome andSafari). Seebelow for more information.

The use of columns can result inwidows and orphans, where a citation at the bottom of a column may be split to the top of the next column. There are CSS3 selectors that could resolve this, but they are not yet supported by any major browsers.

See alsobug combining grouped references and columns

Reference lists are by default numbered lists. By using the|liststyle= parameter, you can control how the list is rendered. For example, using|liststyle=upper-roman will result in items being prefixed withroman numerals instead of decimal numbers. The parameter accepts any valid CSS value defined forlist-style-type as shown below.

The citations in the reference list will show the default decimal styling if:

• The value for|liststyle= does not exactly match one of the predefined values
• The value for|liststyle= is enclosed by quotes
• {{Reflist}} is indented with the : markup

If {{Reflist}} is used multiple times without a parameter, each instance will include all of the previously defined references. To force the parser to close previous references, each use of {{Reflist}} must be forced as a new instance by the use of any parameter. If no parameter is desired, the convention is to use the undefined parameter{{Reflist|close=1}}.

A list of references may be defined within {{Reflist}} using the|refs= parameter, just like including named <ref name=". . ."> elements inside the <references> container. This has been available since September 2009. There are new error messages associated with this feature, documented atHelp:Cite errors, including one for references defined in {{Reflist}} but not used within the body.

This is reference 1.<ref name="refname1" />This is reference 2.<ref name="refname2" />{{Reflist|refs=<ref name="refname1">content1</ref><ref name="refname2">content2</ref>}}

This is reference 1.^{[LDR 1]}This is reference 2.^{[LDR 2]}

The LDR group text is to avoid conflicts with other groups of references in this documentation and would not be present in real use.

As of June 2008, the footnotes system supports the separation of references into groups. This allows groups for explanatory notes, table references and the like. SeeWP:REFGROUP.

The general format for the reference tag is:

<ref group="groupname">

And using|group= for the reflist:

{{Reflist|group="groupname"}}

Wheregroupname would be a group identifier such as "note", "nb" or "label".

There are three pre-defined group names that will automatically cause the link labels and this template to display other characters instead of numbers (seeList styles above). These are: "lower-alpha" (a, b, c...), "lower-greek" (α, β, γ...) and "lower-roman" (i, ii, iii...) and must be written without quotes.

See alsobug combining grouped references and columns

The font size should reduce to 90% for most browsers, but may appear to show at 100% for Internet Explorer and possibly other browsers.^[1] As of December 21, 2010, the standard<references/> tag has the same font styling. The smaller font may be disabled throughSpecial:Preferences → Gadgets → Disable smaller font sizes of elements such as Infoboxes, Navboxes and References lists.

Multiple columns are generated by usingCSS3, which is still in development; thus only browsers that properly support the multi-column property will show multiple columns with {{Reflist}}.^[2][3]

These browserssupport CSS3 columns:

• Gecko-based browsers such asMozilla Firefox
• WebKit-based browsers such asSafari andGoogle Chrome
• Opera from version 11.10 onward
• Internet Explorer 10 Platform Preview

These browsers donot support CSS3 columns:

• MicrosoftTrident-based browsers including Internet Explorer through to version 9^[4]
• Opera through to version 11

{{Reflist}} uses a CSS rule inMediaWiki:Common.css to set the font size:

• div.reflist { font-size: 90%; }

One of the following classes is assigned by the template when either column count or column width is set:

• .references-column-count and.references-column-count-n (wheren is the numer of columns)
• .references-column-width

The following CSS properties are utilized using the {{column-count}} and {{column-width}} templates:

• column-count CSS3 standard
• column-width CSS3 standard
• -moz-column-count Mozilla CSS extension
• -moz-column-width Mozilla CSS extension
• -webkit-column-count Webkit CSS extension
• -webkit-column-width Webkit CSS extension

By editing your CSS, the personal appearance of the reference list can be customized. FromPreferences, select the Appearance tab, then on the selected skin select Custom CSS. After editing and saving, follow the instructions at the top of the page to purge. SeeWikipedia:Skin#Customisation (advanced users) for more help.

Font size

The font size for all reference lists defaults to 90% of the standard size. To change it, add:

ol.references,div.reflist,div.refbegin{font-size:90%;}

Change 90% to the desired size.

Columns

To disable columns, add:

.references-column-count,.references-column-width{column-count:1!important;column-width:auto!important;-moz-column-count:1!important;-moz-column-width:auto!important;-webkit-column-count:1!important;-webkit-column-width:auto!important;}

Similarly, to force all reference lists to a number of columns, change the number.

Column dividers

To add dividers (rules) between columns, add:

.references-column-count,.references-column-width{column-rule:1pxsolid#aaa;-moz-column-rule:1pxsolid#aaa;-webkit-column-rule:1pxsolid#aaa;}

You can alter the appearance of the dividers by changing the values.

Note that, whereas {{reflist|15em|group="e"}} works as expected, {{reflist|15em |group="e"}} (with an extra space) currently does not display in columns.

Collapsing and scrolling

There have been a number of requests to add functionality for a collapsible or scrolling reference list. These requests have not been fulfilled to due to issues with readability, accessibility, and printing. The applicable guidelines are at . Links between the inline cite and the reference list do not work when the reference list is enclosed in a collapsed box.

To display the reference list in a scrollbox or collapsed per user, seeHelp:Reference display customization.

For discussion on previous attempts to do this with a template, see the discussions forScrollref andRefbox.

Including the section title

There have been suggestions to include section header markup such as==References==. This is inadvisable because:

• There is no standard section name; seeWP:FNNR
• When transcluded, the article will have an edit link that will confusingly open the template for editing

• Wikipedia:Citing sources – style guide for the citation of sources
• Wikipedia:Manual of Style (footnotes) – style guide for footnotes and inline citations
• Wikipedia:Citation templates – templates for use with references
• {{Template reference list}} – version of reflist for use in templates
• {{Refbegin}} and {{Refend}} – format reference lists
• {{Reflist-talk}} – for use on talk pages

• Pages using deprecated source tags
• Wikipedia documentation pages
• Wikipedia shortcut box first parameter needs fixing