Iikristale zeserandite, natrolite, analcime, kunye ne -aegirine evela eMont Saint-Hilaire, eQuebec, eCanada Kwi-geology kunyene-mineralogy , i-mineral okanyei-minerals yeentlobo ze-mineral , ngokuthetha ngokubanzi, intoeqinileyo enemichiza echazwe ngokufanelekileyo kunye ne-crystal structure eyenzeka ngokwemvelo kwifom ecocekileyo.[ 1] [ 2]
Inkcazoyokwakheka komhlaba yeminerali ngokuqhelekileyo ayibandakanyi iikhompawundi ezenzeka kuphela kwizinto eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iiminerali zihlalazi-biogenic (ezifana ne-calcite ) okanyei-organic compounds ngengqiqo ye-chemistry (efana ne-melite ). Ngaphezu koko, izinto eziphilayo zihlala zidibanisa iiminerali ezingaphiliyo (ezifana ne-hydroxylapatite ) eyenzeka ematyeni.
Ingqikelelo yeminerali yahlukileetyeni , nto leyo nasiphi na isambuku semathiriyeli eyomeleleyo yejologic elinganayo ngokwentelekiso kwisikali esikhulu ngokwaneleyo. Ilitye lisenokuba luhlobo olunye lweminerali okanye libeyinxalenye yezimbiwa ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezahlukeneyo, zahlulwe ngokwazongokwezigaba ezahlukeneyo.[ 3]
Ezinye izinto eziqinileyo zendalo ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esicacileyo se-crystalline, njenge-opal okanyei-obsidian , ngokufanelekileyo kuthiwayi-mineraloids . Ukuba ikhompawundi yemichiza yenzeka ngokwemvelo kunye nezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zekristale, isakhiwo ngasinye sithathwa njengeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamaminerali. Ngaloo ndlela, umzekelo,i-quartz kunye ne-stishovite ziiminerali ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya ikhompawundi enye, i-silicon dioxide.
I-International Mineralogical Association (IMA) liqumrhu eliqhelekileyo elamkelwayo eliqhelekileyo lenkcazo kunye nokubizwa kwamagama eentlobo zezimbiwa. Ukusukela ngoJulayi 2024, i-IMA ibona i-6,062 yeentlobo zezimbiwa ezisemthethweni.[ 4]
Idayimane yeyona nto inzima yendalo, kwaye inobulukhuni be-Mohs be-10. Ubunzima beminerali buchaza ukuba inokumelana kangakanani nokukrwela okanye ukujiya. Le propati ebonakalayo ilawulwa yi-chemical composition kunye ne-crystalline structure ubume beminerali.
Esona sikali siqhelekileyo sisetyenziswa sisikali sobunzima se-ordinal Mohs, esilinganisa ukuxhathisa ekukrweleni. Ichazwa zizibonakaliso ezilishumi, iminerali enesalathisi esiphezulu ikhuhla abo bangaphantsi kwayo. Uluhlu luvela kwi-talc, i-phyllosilicate , ukuya kwidayimane, i-carbon polymorph eyona nto inzima yendalo. Isikali sinikwe ngezantsi:
Isikali seMohs ngokuchasene noBulukhuni obupheleleyo Ubulukhuni beminerali ngumsebenzi wesakhiwo sayo. Ubunzima abusoloko buzinzile kuzo zonke izikhokelo zecrystallographic; Ubuthathaka becrystallographic zenza ezinye izikhombisi zibe thambile kunezinye. Umzekelo wobu bunzima bukhona kwi kyanite, enobulukhuni be-Mohs be-5 ngqamene no-[001] kodwa isi-7 siyahambelana no-[100].[ 5]
Ezinye izikali ziquka ezi;[ 6]
IPyrite ine-metallic luster. I-Luster ibonisa indlela ukukhanya okubonakala ngayo ukusuka kumphezulu weminerali, ngokumalunga nomgangatho kunye nobukhulu bayo. Kukho amagama amaninzi asemgangathweni asetyenziselwa ukuchaza le propati, eyahlulahlulwe ngokweendidi zentsimbi nezingezizo ezentsimbi. Iiminerali zesinyithi kunye ne-sub-metallic zinokubonakala okuphezulu njengentsimbi; imizekelo yeeminerali kunye nale luster yi-galena kunye ne-pyrite. Iiluster ezingezizo ezentsimbi zibandakanya: i-adamantine, efananedayimani ; i-vitreous, i-glassy luster ixhaphake kakhulu kwiiminerali ze-silicate; iperile, njenge-talc kunyene-apophyllite ; i-resinous, njengamalungu eqela le-garnet; i-silky eqhelekileyo kwiiminerali ezine-fibrous ezifana ne-asbestiformchrysotile .;
I-diaphaneity ye-mineral ixhomekeke kubukhulu besampulu. Xa iminerali ibhityile ngokwaneleyo (umzekelo,kwicandelo elibhityileyo lepetrografi ), inokucaca nokuba loo propati ayibonwa kwisampulu yesandla. Ngokwahlukileyo, ezinye iiminerali, ezifana ne-hematite okanye i-pyrite, zi-opaque nakwicandelo elincinci.
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↑ John P. Rafferty, ed. (2011):Minerals Geology: Landforms, Minerals, and Rocks . Rosen Publishing Group.iThemplethi:Catalog lookup link Script error: No such module "check isxn". ↑ Wenk, Hans-Rudolf; Bulakh, Andrei (2004)Minerals: Their Constitution and Origin ISBN 978-0-521-52958-7 ↑ Stephenson, Tim; Stephenson, Carolyn"Rocks & Minerals" Creetown Gem Rock Museum archived fromthe original on 18 July 2019 retrieved 18 July 2019 Unknown parameter|url-status= ignored (help ) ↑ Pasero, Marco (July 2024)"IMA List of Minerals" IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification archived fromthe original on 25 April 2024 retrieved 19 July 2024 Unknown parameter|url-status= ignored (help ) ↑ "Kyanite" Mindat.org archived fromthe original on 14 September 2019 retrieved 3 April 2018 Unknown parameter|url-status= ignored (help ) ↑ "Hardness: Vickers, Rockwell, Brinell, Mohs, Shore and Knoop - Matmatch" matmatch.com archived fromthe original on 4 October 2021 retrieved 4 October 2021 Unknown parameter|url-status= ignored (help ) ↑ "Hardness" 7 July 2007 archived fromthe original on 2007-07-07 retrieved 4 October 2021
iThemplethi:Minerals iThemplethi:Natural resources
