Inombolo yobu-atom (uphawu lwayo ngu-:Z) kwi-atom ichaza inani lee-protons kwi-nucleus ye-atom.[1][2] Inombolo yobu-atom kwi-atom ichaza amalungu ekhemukhalu akuyo, ngamanye amazwi ichaza ukuba yiyiphi nai-element. Kwi-atom e-neutral, inani lobu-atom lilingangana nenani lee-electrons ezijikeleza apha kwi-nucleus.[1] Amalungu eekhemikhali adweliswe kwi-periodic table ngokwanda kwamanina obu-atom bawo. [2]
Inombolo yobu-atom akuthethi nto enye ne:
- I-atomic mass (uphawu lwayo yi-:ma), ebubunzima be-atom enye, echazwa nge- unified atomic mass units
- I-mass number (uphawu lwayo:A), engumdibaniso wenani lee-protons nelee- neutrons kwi-nucleus ye-atom. I-
- I-relative atomic mass (ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-atomic weight;uphawu lwayo yi-:Ar), nekungumyinge we-average mass per atom we-element ovela kumzekelo we1/12 noyi-mass ye-atom ye-carbon-12.
Inombolo yobu-Atomic ayitshintshwa yinombolo ye-electrons okanye yee-neutrons; iba yinombolo ye-proton qwaba.
