I-Onchocerciasis, ikwaziwa njenge-river blindness ne-Robles disease, isisifo esibangelwa lusuleleko lwentshulube esisifunxi-gazi i-Onchocerca volvulus.[1] Iimpawu ziquka ukurhawuzelelwa ngamandla, iingongoma ezingaphantsi kwesikhumba, kunyenobumfama.[1] Ingunobangela wesibini oxhaphakileyo wobumfama obubangelwa sisifo esosulelayo, emva kwe-trachoma.[2]
Intshulube esisifunxi-gazi isasazwa ngokutyiwa yi-black fly yohlobo lwe-Simulium.[1] Ukutyiwa kaninzi kudla ngokwenzeka phambi kolosuleleko.[3] Ezi mpukane zihlala kufuphi nemilambo, kungeso sizathu le nto sibizwa ngeli gama esi sifo.[2] Zakuba ngaphakathi emntwini, iintshulube ziyilaimibunguethi iziyele esikhumbeni.[1] Apha zingosulela i-black fly elandelayo ethi ilume umntu.[1] Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwenza uxilongo eziquka: ukubekwa zesikhumba kwi-placingkovavanyo lwezicwili zesikhumba kwi-normal saline kunye nokujongwa kokuphuma kombungu, ukujongwa elihlweni lemibungu, kunye nokujongwa ngaphakathi kweengongoma eziphantsi kwesikhumba zeentshulube ezindala.[4]
Alukhougonyo oluchaseneyo nesi sifo.[1] Uthintelo lungokubaleka ukubethwa ziimpukane.[5] Oku kungaquka ukusetyenziswakweyeza lokugxotha izinambuzane kunye nesinxibo esifanelekileyo.[5] Amanye amalinge aquka lawo okunciphisa isininzi seempukane ngokufefezaizibulala-zinambuzane.[1] Asaqhubeka amalinge okuphelisa isifo ngokunyanga onke amaqela abantu kabini ngonyaka kuthotho lweendawo zasehlabathini.[1] Unyango lwabo bosulelweyo lungechiza eliyi-ivermectin rhoqo ukusuka kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezilishumi elinambini.[1][6] Olu nyango luyawubulala umbungu kodwa alikwazi ukwenza njalo kwiintshulube ezindala.[7] Ichiza eliyi-doxycycline, elibulala intsholongwane eyi-associated ekuthiwa yi-Wolbachia, ibonakala izithomalalisa iintshulube kwaye iyanconywa ngabanye kananjalo.[7] Ukususwa kweengongoma ezingaphantsi kwesikhumba ngotyando nalo lungenziwa.[6]
Ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezili-17 ukuya kwezingama-25 abosulelwe yi-river blindness, nabasondele kwisigidi se-0.8 abanentwana ethile yokulahlekelwa kukubona.[3][7] Inkoliso yokosuleleka okuninzi yenzekakwiAfrika engaphantsi kweSahara, nangona nezinye iimeko zixeliwe eYemen nakwiindawo ezimbalwa ezikukuMbindi nakuMzantsi weMelika.[1] Ngo-1915, ugqirha uRodolfo Robles waqala ukumanyanisa le ntshulube nesifo samehlo.[8] Sikwadweliswe yi-World Health Organization njengesifo setropiki esingahoywanga.[9]
- ↑1.001.011.021.031.041.051.061.071.081.09"Onchocerciasis Fact sheet N°374"World Health Organization March 2014 retrieved 20 March 2014
- ↑2.02.1"Onchocerciasis (also known as River Blindness)"Parasites CDC May 21, 2013 retrieved 20 March 2014
- ↑3.03.1"Parasites – Onchocerciasis (also known as River Blindness) Epidemiology & Risk Factors"CDC May 21, 2013 retrieved 20 March 2014
- ↑"Onchocerciasis (also known as River Blindness) Diagnosis"Parasites CDC May 21, 2013 retrieved 20 March 2014
- ↑5.05.1"Onchocerciasis (also known as River Blindness) Prevention & Control"Parasites CDC May 21, 2013 retrieved 20 March 2014
- ↑6.06.1Murray, Patrick (2013)Medical microbiology (7th ed.) Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders p. 792ISBN 9780323086929
- ↑7.07.17.2Brunette, Gary W. (2011)CDC Health Information for International Travel 2012 : The Yellow Book Oxford University Press p. 258ISBN 9780199830367
- ↑Lok, James B.; Walker, Edward D.; Scoles, Glen A. (2004)"9. Filariasis" in Eldridge, Bruce F.; Edman, John D.; Edman, J.Medical entomology (Revised ed.) Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic p. 301ISBN 9781402017940
- ↑Reddy M, Gill SS, Kalkar SR, Wu W, Anderson PJ, Rochon PA (October 2007)"Oral drug therapy for multiple neglected tropical diseases: a systematic review"JAMA298 (16): 1911–24PMID 17954542doi:10.1001/jama.298.16.1911
