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Michel (Eyquem de Montaigne) de Montaigne

Michel (Eyquem de Montaigne) de Montaigne(1533 - 1592)

BorninSaint-Michel-de-Montaigne, Périgord, France
Diedat age 59inBordeaux, Guyenne, France

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Family Tree of Michel (Eyquem de Montaigne) de Montaigne

Parents

29 Sep 1495 - 18 Jun 1568
Montaigne, Saint-Michel de Montaigne, Périgord, France

abt 1514 - bef 23 Jul 1601
Toulouse, Languedoc, France

Grandparents

1450 - 1519

abt 1470 -

abt 1490 -
Spain

1490 -
Auch, Gacogne, France

Great-Grandparents

1402 - 11 Jun 1478

bef 1430 - bef Nov 1508

[Du Four great-grandfather?]

[Du Four great-grandmother?]

[Lopez great-grandfather?]

[Lopez great-grandmother?]

[Dupuy great-grandfather?]

[Dupuy great-grandmother?]

2nd-Great-Grandparents

[Eyquem g-g-grandfather?]

[Eyquem g-g-grandmother?]

[Ferraignes g-g-grandfather?]

[Ferraignes g-g-grandmother?]

Descendants of Michel (Eyquem de Montaigne) de Montaigne

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Contents

Biography

Notables Project
Michel (Eyquem de Montaigne) de Montaigne is Notable.

Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (né le 28 février 1533 et décédé le 13 septembre 1592) était l'un des écrivains les plus influents de la Renaissance française, connu pour populariser l'essai comme genre littéraire.

Voir: Wikipedia, l'encyclopédie libre Michel de MontaigneMichel Eyquem de Montaigne

Montaigne est né dans la région Aquitaine de la France, sur le domaine familial Château de Montaigne, dans une ville maintenant appelée Saint-Michel-de-Montaigne, non loin de Bordeaux. La famille était très riche; son grand-père, Ramon Eyquem, avait fait fortune en tant que marchand de hareng et avait acheté le domaine en 1477. Son père, Pierre Eyquem, était un soldat catholique français en Italie pendant un certain temps, et y développa des vues très progressistes sur l'éducation; il avait également été maire de Bordeaux. Sa mère, Antoinette de Louppes, était, apparemment, la fille d'un père converso espagnol (converti juif) de religion protestante, [douteux - discuter] et d'une mère catholique espagnole, qui avait quitté l'Espagne en 1497 pour rejoindre un parent qui avait déjà installé à Toulouse. Bien qu'elle ait vécu une grande partie de la vie de Montaigne près de lui, et même lui ait survécu, elle n'est mentionnée que deux fois dans son travail.La relation de Montaigne avec son père, cependant, a joué un rôle de premier plan dans sa vie et ses œuvres.

Dès sa naissance, l'éducation de Montaigne suit un plan pédagogique esquissé par son père et affiné par les conseils des amis humanistes de ce dernier. Peu de temps après sa naissance, Montaigne a été amené dans une petite maison où il a vécu les trois premières années de sa vie en compagnie exclusive d'une famille paysanne, «afin de», selon l'aîné Montaigne, «rapprocher le garçon de la les gens et les conditions de vie des gens qui ont besoin de notre aide. »[citation nécessaire] Après ces premières années spartiates passées dans la classe sociale la plus basse, Montaigne fut ramenée au château.

Vers l'année 1539, il est envoyé étudier dans un internat prestigieux de Bordeaux, le Collège de Guyenne, puis sous la direction du plus grand savant latin de l'époque, George Buchanan, où il maîtrise l'intégralité du cursus dès sa treizième année. Par la suite, il a étudié le droit à Toulouse et est entré dans une carrière dans le système juridique. Il fut conseiller à la Cour des Aides de Périgueux et, en 1557, il fut nommé conseiller du Parlement de Bordeaux (un tribunal de grande instance). De 1561 à 1563, il fut courtisan à la cour de Charles IX; il était présent avec le roi au siège de Rouen (1562). Il a reçu la plus haute distinction de la noblesse française, le collier de l'ordre de Saint-Michel, ce à quoi il aspirait depuis sa jeunesse. Au service du Parlement de Bordeaux, il se lie d'amitié avec le poète humaniste Etienne de la Boutie, dont la mort en 1563 affecte profondément Montaigne. On a fait valoir qu'en raison du «besoin impérieux de communiquer de Montaigne», après avoir perdu Etienne, il a commencé les Essais comme son «moyen de communication»; et que "le lecteur prend la place de l'ami mort".

À l'âge de 33 ans, Montaigne épousa Françoise de la Cassaigne, en 1565, pas tout à fait de son plein gré, et sa femme lui donna six filles, mais seul le deuxième-né survécut à l'enfance.

Suite à la pétition de son père, Montaigne commence à travailler sur la première traduction de Theologia naturalis du moine espagnol Raymond Sebond, qu'il publie un an après la mort de son père en 1568. Il hérite ensuite de son domaine, le château de Montaigne, auquel il recule en 1570. Une autre réalisation littéraire est l'édition posthume de Montaigne des œuvres de son ami Boutie.

Michel de Montaigne Pendant cette période des guerres de religion en France, Montaigne, lui-même catholique romain, a agi comme une force modératrice, respectée à la fois par le roi catholique Henri III et par le protestant Henri de Navarre.

  • Date: 1564: Arrêt du Parlement de Bordeaux, 31 mai 1564 Adresse typographique:
    Appelant: Gautier, Bernard
    Appelant: Gautier, Bertrand
    Appelant: Terrade, Elie
    Appelé: Gautier, Bernard < br> Appelé: Leymarie, Guillaume
    Appelé: 'Mousnier, Ademar'
    Appelé: 'Mousnier, Pierre'
    Appelé: Vallade, Arnauld
    Conseiller: Alis, Joseph de
    Conseiller: Du Plessis, Bertrand
    Conseiller: Eymar, Joseph d '
    Conseiller: Fayard, François de
    Conseiller: Massey, Jean de
    Conseiller: Rignac, Jean de
    Président: Alesme, Léonard d '
    Président: La Guyonie, François de
    Rapporteur:' Montaigne, Michel de '
    Langue: Français
    Notes: Pièce originale extraite des liasses de dicta produites par le Parlement de Bordeaux et conservées aux Archives départementales de la Gironde.

`` En l'an de Christ 1571, à l'âge de trente-huit ans, le dernier jour de février, son anniversaire, Michael de Montaigne, longtemps las de la servitude de la cour et des emplois publics, alors qu'il était encore entier, se retira au sein des savantes vierges, où, dans le calme et la liberté de tout souci, il passera le peu de sa vie, maintenant à plus de la moitié épuisée. Si les destins le permettent, il achèvera cette demeure, cette douce retraite ancestrale; et il l'a consacrée à sa liberté, sa tranquillité et ses loisirs.

Montaigne a continué d'étendre, de réviser et de superviser la publication d'Essais. En 1588, il a écrit son troisième livre et a également rencontré l'écrivain Marie de Gournay, qui admirait son travail et plus tard édité et publié.Le roi Henri III a été assassiné en 1589, et Montaigne a ensuite aidé à garder Bordeaux fidèle à Henri de Navarre, qui continuer à devenir le roi Henri IV.

Montaigne est décédé, à l'âge de 59 ans, en 1592 au château de Montaigne et a été enterré à proximité. Plus tard, sa dépouille a été transférée à l'église Saint-Antoine de Bordeaux. L'église n'existe plus: elle est devenue le couvent des Feuillants, lui aussi disparu. L'Office de Tourisme de Bordeaux indique que Montaigne est enterré au Musée Aquitaine, Faculte des Lettres, Université Bordeaux Michel de Montaigne, Pessac. Son cœur est conservé dans l'église paroissiale de Saint-Michel-de-Montaigne.


  • Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (b. February 28, 1533-d. September 13, 1592) was one of the most influential writers of the French Renaissance, known for popularizing the essay as a literary genre.[1][2]
  • Montaigne was born in the Aquitaine region of France, on the family estate Chateau de Montaigne, in a town now called Saint-Michel-de-Montaigne, not far from Bordeaux. The family was very rich; his grandfather, Ramon Eyquem, had made a fortune as a herring merchant and had bought the estate in 1477. His father, Pierre Eyquem, was a French Roman Catholic soldier in Italy for a time, and developed some very progressive views on education there; he had also been the mayor of Bordeaux. His mother, Antoinette de Louppes, was, apparently,the daughter of a Spanish converso (converted Jewish) father of the Protestant religion,[dubious - discuss] and a Spanish Roman Catholic mother, who had left Spain in 1497 to join kin who had already settled in Toulouse. Although she lived a great part of Montaigne's life near him, and even survived him, she is only mentioned twice in his work.Montaigne's relationship with his father, however, played a prominent role in his life and works.
  • From the moment of his birth, Montaigne's education followed a pedagogical plan sketched out by his father and refined by the advice of the latter's humanist friends. Soon after his birth, Montaigne was brought to a small cottage, where he lived the first three years of life in the sole company of a peasant family, 'in order to', according to the elder Montaigne, 'draw the boy close to the people, and to the life conditions of the people, who need our help.'[citation needed] After these first spartan years spent among the lowest social class, Montaigne was brought back to the Chateau.
  • Around the year 1539, he was sent to study at a prestigious boarding school in Bordeaux, the College de Guyenne, then under the direction of the greatest Latin scholar of the era, George Buchanan, where he mastered the whole curriculum by his thirteenth year. Afterwards he studied law in Toulouse and entered a career in the legal system. He was a counselor of the Court des Aides of Perigueux, and in 1557 he was appointed counselor of the Parlement in Bordeaux (a high court).From 1561 to 1563 he was courtier at the court of Charles IX; he was present with the king at the siege of Rouen (1562). He was awarded the highest honour of the French nobility, the collar of the order of St.Michael, something to which he aspired from his youth. While serving at the Bordeaux Parliament, he became very close friends with the humanist poet Etienne de la Boutie, whose death in 1563 deeply affected Montaigne. It has been argued that because of Montaigne's"imperious need to communicate," that, after losing Etienne, he began the Essais as his "means of communication;" and that "the reader takes the place of the dead friend."
  • At the age of 33, Montaigne married Francoise de la Cassaigne, in 1565, not quite of his own free will, and his wife bore him six daughters, but only the second-born survived childhood.
  • Following the petition of his father, Montaigne started to work on the first translation of the Spanish monk Raymond Sebond's Theologia naturalis, which he published a year after his father's death in 1568.After this he inherited his estate, the Chateau de Montaigne, to whichhe moved back in 1570. Another literary accomplishment was Montaigne's posthumous edition of his friend Boutie's works.
  • Michel de Montaigne During this time of the Wars of Religion in France, Montaigne, him self a Roman Catholic, acted as a moderating force, respected both by the Catholic King Henry III and the Protestant Henry of Navarre.
  • Date : 1564: Arrêt du Parlement de Bordeaux, 31 mai 1564 Adresse typographique :
    Appelant : Gautier, Bernard
    Appelant : Gautier, Bertrand
    Appelant : Terrade, Elie
    Appelé : Gautier, Bernard
    Appelé : Leymarie, Guillaume
    Appelé :Mousnier, Ademar
    Appelé :Mousnier, Pierre
    Appelé : Vallade, Arnauld
    Conseiller : Alis, Joseph de
    Conseiller : Du Plessis, Bertrand
    Conseiller : Eymar, Joseph d'
    Conseiller : Fayard, François de
    Conseiller : Massey, Jean de
    Conseiller : Rignac, Jean de
    Président : Alesme, Léonard d'
    Président : La Guyonie, François de
    Rapporteur :Montaigne, Michel de
    Langue : Français
    Notes : Pièce originale extraite des liasses de dicta produites par le Parlement de Bordeaux et conservées aux Archives départementales de la Gironde.[3][4]
  • 'In the year of Christ 1571, at the age of thirty-eight, on the last day of February, his birthday, Michael de Montaigne, long weary of the servitude of the court and of public employments, while still entire,retired to the bosom of the learned virgins, where in calm and freedom from all cares he will spend what little remains of his life, now more than half run out. If the fates permit, he will complete this abode,this sweet ancestral retreat; and he has consecrated it to his freedom, tranquillity, and leisure.
  • Montaigne continued to extend, revise and oversee the publication of Essais. In 1588 he wrote its third book and also met the writer Marie de Gournay, who admired his work and later edited and published it.King Henry III was assassinated in 1589, and Montaigne then helped to keep Bordeaux loyal to Henry of Navarre, who would go on to become King Henry IV.
  • Montaigne died, at the age of 59, in 1592 at the Chateau de Montaigne and was buried nearby. Later his remains were moved to the church of Saint Antoine at Bordeaux. The church no longer exists: it became the Convent des Feuillants, which has also disappeared. The Bordeaux Tourist Office says that Montaigne is buried at the Musee Aquitaine, Faculte des Lettres, Universite Bordeaux Michel de Montaigne, Pessac. His heart is preserved in the parish church of Saint-Michel-de-Montaigne.

Name

  • Name: Michel Eyqyen /De La Montaigne/[5]
  • Name: Michel Eyqyen /DeLaMontaigne/[6]

Birth

  • Birth: Date: 28 FEB 1532 Place: Chateau, Dordogne, Aquitaine, France[6]

Death

  • Death: Date: 13 SEP 1592 Place: Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France[6]

Sources

  1. Source: Montaigne ou la conscience heureuse 2008 (2e éd.) Pages : 208 ISBN : 9782130565550 Éditeur : Presses Universitaires de FranceVie de Michel de Montaigne par Marcel Conche
  2. Source:The Oxford Handbook of Montaigne geredigeerd door Philippe Desan
  3. Source: Nouvelle édition par Alain Legros (dossier MONLOE), n° 15: Auteur : [Parlement de Bordeaux. Arrêt] Titre : [Arrêt du Parlement de Bordeaux, 31 mai 1564] Imprimeur: Libraire: Lieu de publication: Format : 2° Collation: 1 f.scan Localisation : Bordeaux, Archives départementales de la Gironde Cote : 1B 271 227 Numérisation: Mise en ligne : 13/11/2014
  4. SeeMore records of the Bordeaux parlement where Michel is mentioned
  5.  : Source:#S1: Page: 1 or more individual Ancestry Family Tree files were combined tocreate this source citation.
  6. 6.06.16.2 : Source:#S43: Page: Database online. Data: Text: Record for Francoise De La Cassaigne
  • Source: Montaigne: A Life by Philippe Desan Princeton University Press, 9 jan. 2017Montaigne: A Life

See also:

  • 'Virginia Woolf' a biography by her nephew Quentin Bell, published by The Hogarth Press, Pimlico, London in 1996. ISBN 0 7126 7450 0, includes extensive family trees. Hundreds of friends, professional connections and people in the 'Bloomsbury set' are also mentioned in the text.'Virginia Woolf' a biography by her nephew Quentin Bell

Acknowledgments

  • This profile was created through the import of Rodney Timbrook Ancestors and Relatives_2010-09-10.ged on 10 September 2010. The following data was included in the gedcom. You may wish to edit it for readability.

Profile managers:France Project WikiTree andJody Katopothis

Last modified• Created 2 Jun 2017

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Photos of Michel: 3

Michel Eyquem de Montaigne, by painter, Kerkado
(1/3)Michel Eyquem de Montaigne, by painter, KerkadoMichel (Eyquem de Montaigne) de Montaigne (1533-1592).1590
 31 mai 1564 Arrêt du Parlement de Bordeaux, signature, Michel de Montaigne
(3/3)31 mai 1564 Arrêt du Parlement de Bordeaux, signature, Michel de MontaigneMichel (Eyquem de Montaigne) de Montaigne (1533-1592).Bordeaux, France31 May 1564

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CommentsonMichel (Eyquem de Montaigne) de Montaigne:10


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The French Roots project would be willing to co-manage this profile representing an important French notable.

Could you please add wikitree-french-roots at googlegroups dot com as manager?Please contact us if there are any questions or issues - Thank you !

Hi Jody ,

Thank you and it's a pleasure really, started working on them when we were trying to figure out if they were really related or not to NNS ancestor Jean Mousnier (de la Montagne), it showed they were not related and when I looked for sources for Jean Mousnier I bumped into the source where Michel de Montaigne was mentioned + some Mousnier men.

So I was (and still am) hoping perhaps one of them, might be related to the NNS ancestor. So still lots of work to do and glad Isabelle is around helping to get them sourced and improved also ..so a thank you from me for you as well Isabelle !

Katopothis-1
Jody Katopothis
First of all I would like to thank those of you who are currently working on this profile, and helping to establish consistent and accurate information.

I found this profile through some of my ancestors leading back to him (on Wikitree). I adopted the profile as it had no one else managing. I have not researched the original sources that were used to create the profile. Thanks again to those who are working on it now, and I look forward to reading and learning more.

postedbyJody Katopothis

Yes I agree Isabelle for the ancestors I would go by Eyquem also, for the children I think it's fine to use their convention instead of ours, especially since we have a record with his own signature, and more sources that make it very likely they all were born with the same LNAB (Michel was the first child).

For Euroaristo profiles we have decided a while ago, for Profiles after 1500 it was ok to use the names according their convention instead of the Euroaristo one, and of course if we have records this could apply for earlier ones also.

It mostly depends under which project they are falling I think, this family was imported as supposed ancestors of New Netherlands Settlers, they are using their convention instead of ours, so the patronymics, or the full names including the prefixes if people used or signed this way themselves. And if there's a Birth or Baptism record the name they were born with of course.

The Euroaristo naming system was invented in the past to make it more easy to get all duplicates merged and lineages corrected. (with everyone on the same page and names without the prefixes, and just the house names to make it more easy for everyone) Later with more projects and members from different countries, it was also decided that it was ok to use their convention instead of ours if profiles were falling under a different project.

So it can be confusing sometimes, but for Michel the way he signed his name probably is fine..or would you prefer to have the Eqyuem part added to his LNAB also ?

Further (still fromhttp://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k210008n/f14.image)

"(on the book) we can still read: Today was born Michel Eyquem de Montaigne, but the name Eyquem was struck out twice"... "See also Montaigne's FrenchWikipedia page.It is my impression Michel's ancestors were born with just Eyquem as LNAB; Michel's generation would be Eyquem de Montaigne; his brother's sons were eventually just de Montaigne. Michel himself stopped using Eyquem when he was at the Parlement de Bordeaux. His father was mayor of Bordeaux as Pierre Eyquem.I'm not sure Aristo rules would apply, but if they do, it would be Eyquem for Michel and his siblings.

Concerning the name: here is (roughly translated) an excerpt of "Michel de Montaigne, son origine, sa famille":

"It was Michel who, the first of the family, relinquished the name of Eyquem. He was the first to stop signing it on public records, though it was the name under which his birth was recorded, under which he was named to the Cour des Provisions des Aides de Périgueux, and later Conseiller à la cour du Parlement de Bordeaux (...) His father and uncles kept it (the name Eyquem) to their last day. He (Michel) probably struck it out himself from the family book where his birth is recorded."See:http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k210008n/f14.image

Bea, concerning descendants of the family I am looking into this, as I'm reading "Michel de Montaigne, son origine, sa famille", and I'll add members of the family as he must be reconnected to the main tree. I agree there was no Madeleine, but Pierre had two real sisters and the profile can be used for one of them.
And the combination of the names Mousnier and de (la) Montaigne, makes me wonder if perhaps one of his sisters or someone else related, married a Mousnier ? It might explain whyJean Mousnier and his descendants adopted 'de Montaigne for last name and why they were connected by someone as descendants of this Michel...
Thanks Isabelle,

I have uploaded the record for him now also, he signed as Michel de Montaigne (rapporteur). I think he perhaps was the writer of the piece as well ? Rapporteur probably meant he was writing it all down (klerk), since he is known as a writer..so he or his family (don't know if his father already did) at some point adopted the name of the château 'de Montaigne' for last name..

Here's also more about them:Montaigne ou la conscience heureuse 2008 (2e éd.) Pages : 208 ISBN : 9782130565550 Éditeur : Presses Universitaires de France

So I understand what you mean, and it's of course possible they, including Michel, were all born with just the LNAB Eyquem and later they all or some of them, adopted the name de Montaigne ? Here it says:

  • 1495 Birth of Pierre Eyquem, father of Michel. He became lord of Montaigne in 1519.
  • 1533 (28 February) Birth of Michel, in the castle of Montaigne. Will have seven brothers and sisters: Thomas, 1534; Peter, 1535; Jeanne, 1536; Arnaud, 1541; Leonor, 1552; Mary, 1555; Bertrand, 1560.

So I think the children probably all were born with 'de Montaigne' for LNAB, father and earlier ancestors weren't so their LNAB should indeed be corrected.. it also looks like he did not have a sister named Madeleine..

Hi Bea,

I'll do some more research. The family was definitely Eyquem up to an including his father (first member of the family to be born at the château de Montaigne). They were merchants gradually reaching lower nobility status. The wikipedia article only says "Montagne dropped the name Eyquem" suggesting it was his birth name. I agree that's a lightweight reference.



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