Tin has the most stable isotopes (10) of all elements. Tin isotopes are used in a variety of applications. Sn-112 is used as precursor in the production of the radioisotope Sn-113 while Sn124 is used for producing Sb-124. Sn-116 and Sn-117 can both be used for the production of the medical radioisotope Sn-117m which is used in treating bone cancer. Both Sn-118 and Sn-119 have been evaluated for the production of Sn-119m.
Naturally occurring isotopes
| Isotope | Mass / Da | Natural abundance (atom %) | Nuclear spin (I) | Magnetic moment (μ/μN) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 112Sn | 111.904826 (5) | 0.97 (1) | 0 | |
| 114Sn | 113.902784 (4) | 0.66 (1) | 0 | |
| 115Sn | 114.903348 (3) | 0.34 (1) | 1/2 | -0.91884 |
| 116Sn | 115.901747 (3) | 14.54 (9) | 0 | |
| 117Sn | 116.902956 (3) | 7.68 (7) | 1/2 | -1.00105 |
| 118Sn | 117.901609 (3) | 24.22 (9) | 0 | |
| 119Sn | 118.903311 (3) | 8.59 (4) | 1/2 | -1.04729 |
| 120Sn | 119.9021991 (29) | 32.58 (9) | 0 | |
| 122Sn | 121.9034404 (30) | 4.63 (3) | 0 | |
| 124Sn | 123.9052743 (17) | 5.79 (5) | 0 |
Radiosotope data
| Isotope | Mass / Da | Half-life | Mode of decay | Nuclear spin | Nuclear magnetic moment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 110Sn | 109.90785 | 4.1 h | EC to110In | 0 | |
| 111Sn | 110.90774 | 35 m | EC to111In | 7/2 | 0.61 |
| 113Sn | 112.905174 | 115.1 d | EC to113In | 1/2 | -0.879 |
| 121Sn | 120.904239 | 1.128 d | β- to121Sb | 3/2 | 0.698 |
| 123Sn | 122.905723 | 129.2 d | β- to123Sb | 11/2 | -1.370 |
| 125Sn | 124.907785 | 9.63 d | β- to125Sb | 11/2 | -1.35 |
| 126Sn | 125.90765 | 100000 y | β- to126Sb | 0 | |
| 127Sn | 126.91035 | 2.12 h | β- to127Sb | 11/2 |
References
- Naturally occurring isotope abundances: Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances report for the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry inIsotopic Compositions of the Elements 1989, Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1998,70, 217. [Copyright 1998 IUPAC]
- For further information about radioisotopes see Jonghwa Chang's (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)Table of the Nuclides
- Masses, nuclear spins, and magnetic moments: I. Mills, T. Cvitas, K. Homann, N. Kallay, and K. Kuchitsu inQuantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 1988. [Copyright 1988 IUPAC]
NMR Properties of tin
Common reference compound: Sn(CH3)4.
| Isotope 1 | Isotope 2 | Isotope 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isotope | 115Sn | 117Sn | 119Sn |
| Natural abundance/% | 0.34 | 7.68 | 8.59 |
| Spin (I) | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 |
| Frequency relative to1H = 100 (MHz) | 32.718746 | 35.632256 | 37.290629 |
| Receptivity, DP, relative to1H = 1.00 | 0.000121 | 0.00354 | 0.00453 |
| Receptivity, DC, relative to13C = 1.00 | 0.694 | 20.2 | 25.9 |
| Magnetogyric ratio, γ (107 rad T‑1 s-1) | -8.8013 | -9.58879 | -10.0317 |
| Magnetic moment, μ (μN) | -1.5915 | -1.73385 | -1.81394 |
| Nuclear quadrupole moment, Q/millibarn | - | - | -132(1) [Mössbauer state] |
| Line width factor, 1056 l (m4) | - | - | - |
References
- R.K. Harris inEncyclopedia of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, D.M. Granty and R.K. Harris, (eds.), vol. 5, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK, 1996. I am grateful toProfessor Robin Harris (University of Durham, UK) who provided much of the NMR data, which are copyright 1996 IUPAC, adapted from his contribution contained within this reference.
- J. Mason inMultinuclear NMR, Plenum Press, New York, USA, 1987. Where given, data for certain radioactive nuclei are from this reference.
- P. Pyykkö,Mol. Phys., 2008,106, 1965-1974.
- P. Pyykkö,Mol. Phys., 2001,99, 1617-1629.
- P. Pyykkö,Z. Naturforsch., 1992,47a, 189. I am grateful toProfessor Pekka Pyykkö (University of Helsinki, Finland) who provided the nuclear quadrupole moment data in this and the following two references.
- D.R. Lide, (ed.),CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 1999-2000 : A Ready-Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data (CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
- P. Pyykkö,personal communication, 1998, 204, 2008, 2010.