Silicon atoms have 14 electrons and theshell structure is 2.8.4.
Theground state electron configuration of ground state gaseous neutral silicon is [Ne].3s2.3p2 and theterm symbol is 3P0.
Atomic spectrum
A representation of the atomic spectrum of silicon.
Ionisation Energies and electron affinity
Theelectron affinity of silicon is 133.6 kJ mol‑1. Theionisation energies of silicon are given below.
Effective Nuclear Charges
The following are "Clementi-Raimondi" effective nuclear charges,Zeff. Follow the hyperlinks for more details and for graphs in various formats.
| 1s | 13.5745 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2s | 9.02 | 2p | 9.95 | ||||
| 3s | 4.90 | 3p | 4.29 | 3d | (no data) | ||
| 4s | (no data) | 4p | (no data) | 4d | (no data) | 4f | (no data) |
| 5s | (no data) | 5p | (no data) | 5d | (no data) | ||
| 6s | (no data) | 6p | (no data) | ||||
| 7s | |||||||
References
These effective nuclear charges,Zeff, are adapted from the following references:
- E. Clementi and D.L.Raimondi,J. Chem. Phys. 1963,38, 2686.
- E. Clementi, D.L.Raimondi, and W.P. Reinhardt,J. Chem. Phys. 1967,47, 1300.
Electron binding energies
| Label | Orbital | eV [literature reference] |
|---|---|---|
| K | 1s | 1839 [1] |
| LI | 2s | 149.7 [2, values derived from reference 1] |
| LII | 2p1/2 | 99.8 [2] |
| LIII | 2p3/2 | 99.2 [2] |
Notes
I am grateful toGwyn Williams (Jefferson Laboratory, Virginia, USA) who provided the electron binding energy data. The data are adapted from references 1-3. They are tabulated elsewhere on the WWW (reference 4) and in paper form (reference 5).
References
- J. A. Bearden and A. F. Burr, "Reevaluation of X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels,"Rev. Mod. Phys., 1967,39, 125.
- M. Cardona and L. Ley, Eds.,Photoemission in Solids I: General Principles (Springer-Verlag, Berlin) with additional corrections, 1978.
- Gwyn Williams WWW table of values
- D.R. Lide, (Ed.) inChemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 81st edition, 2000.
- J. C. Fuggle and N. Mårtensson, "Core-Level Binding Energies in Metals,"J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980,21, 275.