Berkelium atoms have 97 electrons and theshell structure is  2.8.18.32.27.8.2.

Theground state electron configuration of ground state gaseous neutral berkelium is  [Rn].5f⁹.7s² and theterm symbol is ⁶H_15/2.

Atomic spectrum

A representation of the atomic spectrum of berkelium.

Ionisation Energies and electron affinity

Theelectron affinity of berkelium is (no data) kJ mol^‑1. Theionisation energies of berkelium are given below.

Ionisation energies of berkelium

Ionisation energy number	Enthalpy / kJ mol‑1
1st	598.00
2nd	1150
3rd	2080
4th	3470
5th	5400
6th	6760
7th	8680
8th	11000
9th	12500
10th	14200
11th	16500
12th	18800 (calculated)
13th	21000
14th	23200
15th	25000
16th	26900
17th	29200
18th	32700
19th	34800
20th	48000
21st	50800

Effective Nuclear Charges

The following are "Clementi-Raimondi" effective nuclear charges,Z_eff. Follow the hyperlinks for more details and for graphs in various formats.

References

These effective nuclear charges,Z_eff, are adapted from the following references:

1. E. Clementi and D.L.Raimondi,J. Chem. Phys. 1963,38, 2686.
2. E. Clementi, D.L.Raimondi, and W.P. Reinhardt,J. Chem. Phys. 1967,47, 1300.

Electron binding energies

Notes

I am grateful toGwyn Williams (Jefferson Laboratory, Virginia, USA) who provided the electron binding energy data. The data are adapted from references 1-3. They are tabulated elsewhere on the WWW (reference 4) and in paper form (reference 5).

References

1. J. A. Bearden and A. F. Burr, "Reevaluation of X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels,"Rev. Mod. Phys., 1967,39, 125.
2. M. Cardona and L. Ley, Eds.,Photoemission in Solids I: General Principles (Springer-Verlag, Berlin) with additional corrections, 1978.
3. Gwyn Williams WWW table of values
4. D.R. Lide, (Ed.) inChemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 81st edition, 2000.
5. J. C. Fuggle and N. Mårtensson, "Core-Level Binding Energies in Metals,"J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980,21, 275.