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SQL Tutorial

SQL HOMESQL IntroSQL SyntaxSQL SelectSQL Select DistinctSQL WhereSQL Order BySQL AndSQL OrSQL NotSQL Insert IntoSQL Null ValuesSQL UpdateSQL DeleteSQL Select TopSQL Aggregate FunctionsSQL Min and MaxSQL CountSQL SumSQL AvgSQL LikeSQL WildcardsSQL InSQL BetweenSQL AliasesSQL JoinsSQL Inner JoinSQL Left JoinSQL Right JoinSQL Full JoinSQL Self JoinSQL UnionSQL Union AllSQL Group BySQL HavingSQL ExistsSQL Any, AllSQL Select IntoSQL Insert Into SelectSQL CaseSQL Null FunctionsSQL Stored ProceduresSQL CommentsSQL Operators

SQL Database

SQL Create DBSQL Drop DBSQL Backup DBSQL Create TableSQL Drop TableSQL Alter TableSQL ConstraintsSQL Not NullSQL UniqueSQL Primary KeySQL Foreign KeySQL CheckSQL DefaultSQL IndexSQL Auto IncrementSQL DatesSQL ViewsSQL InjectionSQL HostingSQL Data Types

SQL References

SQL KeywordsMySQL Functions
String Functions:ASCIICHAR_LENGTHCHARACTER_LENGTHCONCATCONCAT_WSFIELDFIND_IN_SETFORMATINSERTINSTRLCASELEFTLENGTHLOCATELOWERLPADLTRIMMIDPOSITIONREPEATREPLACEREVERSERIGHTRPADRTRIMSPACESTRCMPSUBSTRSUBSTRINGSUBSTRING_INDEXTRIMUCASEUPPERNumeric Functions:ABSACOSASINATANATAN2AVGCEILCEILINGCOSCOTCOUNTDEGREESDIVEXPFLOORGREATESTLEASTLNLOGLOG10LOG2MAXMINMODPIPOWPOWERRADIANSRANDROUNDSIGNSINSQRTSUMTANTRUNCATEDate Functions:ADDDATEADDTIMECURDATECURRENT_DATECURRENT_TIMECURRENT_TIMESTAMPCURTIMEDATEDATEDIFFDATE_ADDDATE_FORMATDATE_SUBDAYDAYNAMEDAYOFMONTHDAYOFWEEKDAYOFYEAREXTRACTFROM_DAYSHOURLAST_DAYLOCALTIMELOCALTIMESTAMPMAKEDATEMAKETIMEMICROSECONDMINUTEMONTHMONTHNAMENOWPERIOD_ADDPERIOD_DIFFQUARTERSECONDSEC_TO_TIMESTR_TO_DATESUBDATESUBTIMESYSDATETIMETIME_FORMATTIME_TO_SECTIMEDIFFTIMESTAMPTO_DAYSWEEKWEEKDAYWEEKOFYEARYEARYEARWEEKAdvanced Functions:BINBINARYCASECASTCOALESCECONNECTION_IDCONVCONVERTCURRENT_USERDATABASEIFIFNULLISNULLLAST_INSERT_IDNULLIFSESSION_USERSYSTEM_USERUSERVERSION
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SQLWorking With Dates

SQL Dates

The most difficult part when working with dates is to be sure that the format of the date you are trying to insert,matches the format of the date column in the database.

As long as your data contains only the date portion, your queries will work as expected. However, if a time portion is involved, it gets more complicated.

SQL Date Data Types

MySQL comes with the following data types for storing a date or a date/time value in the database:

  • DATE - format YYYY-MM-DD
  • DATETIME - format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS
  • TIMESTAMP - format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS
  • YEAR - format YYYY or YY

SQL Server comes with the following data types for storing a date or a date/time value in the database:

  • DATE - format YYYY-MM-DD
  • DATETIME - format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS
  • SMALLDATETIME - format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS
  • TIMESTAMP - format: a unique number

Note: The date types are chosen for a column when you create a new table in your database!

SQL Working with Dates

Look at the following table:

Orders Table

OrderIdProductNameOrderDate
1Geitost2008-11-11
2Camembert Pierrot2008-11-09
3Mozzarella di Giovanni2008-11-11
4Mascarpone Fabioli2008-10-29

Now we want to select the records with an OrderDate of "2008-11-11" from the table above.

We use the followingSELECT statement:

SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE OrderDate='2008-11-11'

The result-set will look like this:

OrderIdProductNameOrderDate
1Geitost2008-11-11
3Mozzarella di Giovanni2008-11-11

Note: Two dates can easily be compared if there is no time component involved!

Now, assume that the "Orders" table looks like this (notice the added time-component in the "OrderDate" column):

OrderIdProductNameOrderDate
1Geitost2008-11-11 13:23:44
2Camembert Pierrot2008-11-09 15:45:21
3Mozzarella di Giovanni2008-11-11 11:12:01
4Mascarpone Fabioli2008-10-29 14:56:59

If we use the sameSELECT statement as above:

SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE OrderDate='2008-11-11'

we will get no result! This is because the query is looking only for dates with no time portion.

Tip: To keep your queries simple and easy to maintain, do not use time-components in your dates, unless you have to!


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