JavaScript String substring()
Examples
Extract a substring from text:
let text = "Hello world!";
let result = text.substring(1, 4);
Try it Yourself »let result = text.substring(1, 4);
Start from position 2:
let result = text.substring(2);
Try it Yourself »More examples below.
Description
Thesubstring() method extracts characters, between two indices (positions), from a string,and returns the substring.
Thesubstring() method extracts characters from start to end (exclusive).
Thesubstring() method does not change the original string.
If start is greater than end, arguments are swapped: (4, 1) = (1, 4).
Start or end values less than 0, are treated as 0.
Syntax
string.substring(start, end)
Parameters
| Parameter | Description |
| start | Required. Start position. First character is at index 0. |
| end | Optional. End position (up to, but not including). If omitted: the rest of the string. |
Return Value
| Type | Description |
| A string | A string containing the extracted characters. |
More Examples
If start is greater than end, parameters are swapped:
let result = text.substring(4, 1);
Try it Yourself »If "start" is less than 0, it will start from index 0:
let result = text.substring(-3);
Try it Yourself »Only the first:
let result = text.substring(0, 1);
Try it Yourself »Only the last:
let result = text.substring(text.length - 1);
Try it Yourself »Browser Support
substring() is an ECMAScript1 (JavaScript 1997) feature.
It is supported in all browsers:
| Chrome | Edge | Firefox | Safari | Opera |
