Responsive Web Design- Media Queries
CSS Media Queries
CSS media queries allow you to apply styles based on the characteristics of a device or the environment displaying the web page.
CSS media queries are essential for creating responsive web pages.
The CSS@media rule is used to add media queries to your style sheet.
Use Mediaqueries to Add a Breakpoint
On the previous page we made a grid layout web page. Now we want to add a breakpoint with mediaqueries to rearrange the grid items on bigger screens.
Mobile phone
Desktop
Example
Here we use a media query to add a breakpoint at 600px:
.header {grid-area: 1 / span 6;}
.menu {grid-area: 2 / span 1;}
.content {grid-area: 2 / span 4;}
.facts {grid-area: 2 / span 1;}
.footer {grid-area: 3 / span 6;}
}
Another Breakpoint
You can add as many breakpoints as you like.
Desktop
Tablet
Phone
Example
Here we use media queries to add breakpoints when screen is min 600px, and when screen is min 768px :
.header {grid-area: 1 / span 6;}
.menu {grid-area: 2 / span 1;}
.content {grid-area: 2 / span 4;}
.facts {grid-area: 3 / span 6;}
.footer {grid-area: 4 / span 6;}
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
.header {grid-area: 1 / span 6;}
.menu {grid-area: 2 / span 1;}
.content {grid-area: 2 / span 4;}
.facts {grid-area: 2 / span 1;}
.footer {grid-area: 3 / span 6;}
}
Typical Device Breakpoints
There are tons of screens and devices with different heights and widths, so it is hard to create an exact breakpoint for each device. To keep things simple you could target five groups:
Example
@media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {...}
/* Small devices (portrait tablets and large phones, 600px and up) */
@media only screen and (min-width: 600px) {...}
/* Medium devices (landscape tablets, 768px and up) */
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {...}
/* Large devices (laptops/desktops, 992px and up) */
@media only screen and (min-width: 992px) {...}
/* Extra large devices (large laptops and desktops, 1200px and up) */
@media only screen and (min-width: 1200px) {...}
Media Queries for Screen Orientation
Media queries can also be used to change the layout of a page depending on the orientation of the screen.
Here, we change the background-color of the body, if the screen orientation is in landscape mode:
Example
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
}
Hide Elements With Media Queries
Here, we use media queries to hide an element on small screens:
Example
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
#div1 {
display: none;
}
}
Change Font Size With Media Queries
Here, we use media queries to change the font size of an element on different viewport widths:
Example
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) {
#div1 {
font-size: 80px;
}
}
Media Queries for User Preferences
Some users have motion sensitivity and prefer websites with less animation.
Theprefers-reduced-motion media feature lets you check if a user has asked to reduce motion, such as animations or transitions. Use this feature to turn off animations and transitions for the users who has activated this setting on their computer:
Example
* {
animation: none !important;
transition: none !important;
}
}
CSS @media Reference
For a full overview of all the media types and features/expressions, please look at the@media rule in our CSS reference.
