C++Logical Operators in Conditions

Logical Operators in Conditions

You can combine or reverse conditions usinglogical operators. These work together withif,else, andelse if to build more complex decisions.

• && (AND) - all conditions must be true
• || (OR) - at least one condition must be true
• ! (NOT) - reverses a condition (true →false,false →true)

AND (&&)

Use AND (&&) whenboth conditions must be true:

int a = 200;int b = 33;int c = 500;if (a > b && c > a) {  cout << "Both conditions are true";}

OR (||)

Use OR (||) whenat least one of the conditions can be true:

int a = 200;int b = 33;int c = 500;if (a > b || a > c) {  cout << "At least one condition is true";}

NOT (!)

The NOT operator (!)reverses a condition:

• If a condition istrue,! makes itfalse.
• If a condition isfalse,! makes ittrue.

This is useful when you want to check that somethingis not the case:

int a = 33;int b = 200;if (!(a > b)) {  cout << "a is NOT greater than b";}

Real-Life Example

In real programs, logical operators are often used for access control. For example, to get access to a system, there are specific requirements:

You must be logged in, and then you either need to be an admin, or have a high security clearance (level 1 or 2):

bool isLoggedIn = true;bool isAdmin = false;int securityLevel = 3; // 1 = highestif (isLoggedIn && (isAdmin || securityLevel <= 2)) {  cout << "Access granted.";} else {  cout << "Access denied.";}// Try changing securityLevel and isAdmin to test different outcomes:// securityLevel 1 = Access granted// securityLevel 2 = Access granted// securityLevel 3 = Access denied// securityLevel 4 = Access denied// If isAdmin = true, access is granted.