Python bytes() Function

ThePython bytes() function returns a new "bytes" object, which is an immutable sequence of integers in the range 0 <= x < 256. When this function is called without any arguments, it creates a bytes object of size zero. It is one of thebuilt-in functions and does not require any module.

The bytes object can be initialized in the following ways −

String − We can create a bytes object from a string by encoding it usingstr.encode().
Integer − If the source is an integer, anarray with null value of specified size will be created.
Iterable − Creates an array of size equal to the length of iterable.
No source − If no source is specified, an array of size 0 is created.

Syntax

The syntax of the Pythonbytes() function is as follows −

bytes(source)or,bytes(source, encoding)or,bytes(source, encoding, errors)

Parameters

The Pythonbytes() function accepts three optional parameters −

source − It represents an object such as a list, string, or tuple.
encoding − It indicates the encoding of the passed string.
errors − It specifies the required action when encoding fails.

Return Value

The Pythonbytes() function returns a new bytes object of the specified size.

bytes() Function Examples

Practice the following examples to understand the use ofbytes() function in Python:

Example: Use of bytes() Function

The following example shows how to use the Pythonbytes() function. Here we are creating an empty bytes object.

empByte_obj = bytes()print("It is an example of empty byte object:", empByte_obj)

When we run above program, it produces following result −

It is an example of empty byte object: b''

Example: Convert String to bytes Object Using bytes()

In the code below, we are converting a givenstring into bytes object. For this operation, we use bytes() function by passing string and encoding as parameter values.

strObj = "Tutorials Point bytes object"str_bytes_obj = bytes(strObj, 'utf-8')print("Creating bytes object from string:")print(str_bytes_obj)

Following is an output of the above code −

Creating bytes object from string:b'Tutorials Point bytes object'

Example: Create bytes Object Using bytes()

The code below demonstrates how to create a bytes object of the specified size. We are going to pass the size and value as arguments to the bytes() function.

size = 5value = 1new_bytesObj = bytes([value]*size)print("Bytes object of the given size:")print(new_bytesObj)

Output of the above code is as follows −

Bytes object of the given size:b'\x01\x01\x01\x01\x01'

Example: Convert bytesarray to bytes Object Using bytes()

The following code illustrates how to convert a bytearray into bytes object using the bytes() function. To do so, we simply need to pass the bytearray as a parameter value to the bytes() function.

byteArray = bytearray([84, 85, 84, 79, 82, 73, 65, 76, 83])bytesObj = bytes(byteArray)print("The bytes object from byte array:")print(bytesObj)