Code forHow to Make a Tetris Game using PyGame in Python Tutorial

tetris.py

import sysimport pygameimport randompygame.init()# Screen dimensionsWIDTH, HEIGHT = 800, 600GRID_SIZE = 25# ColorsWHITE = (255, 255, 255)BLACK = (0, 0, 0)RED = (255, 0, 0)BLUE = (0, 0, 255)GREEN = (0, 255, 0)COLORS = [RED, BLUE, GREEN]# Tetromino shapesSHAPES = [    [        ['.....',         '.....',         '.....',         'OOOO.',         '.....'],        ['.....',         '..O..',         '..O..',         '..O..',         '..O..']    ],    [        ['.....',         '.....',         '..O..',         '.OOO.',         '.....'],        ['.....',         '..O..',         '.OO..',         '..O..',         '.....'],        ['.....',         '.....',         '.OOO.',         '..O..',         '.....'],        ['.....',         '..O..',         '..OO.',         '..O..',         '.....']    ],    [        [         '.....',         '.....',         '..OO.',         '.OO..',         '.....'],        ['.....',         '.....',         '.OO..',         '..OO.',         '.....'],        ['.....',         '.O...',         '.OO..',         '..O..',         '.....'],        ['.....',         '..O..',         '.OO..',         '.O...',         '.....']    ],    [        ['.....',         '..O..',         '..O.',         '..OO.',         '.....'],        ['.....',         '...O.',         '.OOO.',         '.....',         '.....'],        ['.....',         '.OO..',         '..O..',         '..O..',         '.....'],        ['.....',         '.....',         '.OOO.',         '.O...',         '.....']    ],]class Tetromino:    def __init__(self, x, y, shape):        self.x = x        self.y = y        self.shape = shape        self.color = random.choice(COLORS) # You can choose different colors for each shape        self.rotation = 0class Tetris:    def __init__(self, width, height):        self.width = width        self.height = height        self.grid = [[0 for _ in range(width)] for _ in range(height)]        self.current_piece = self.new_piece()        self.game_over = False        self.score = 0  # Add score attribute    def new_piece(self):        # Choose a random shape        shape = random.choice(SHAPES)        # Return a new Tetromino object        return Tetromino(self.width // 2, 0, shape)    def valid_move(self, piece, x, y, rotation):        """Check if the piece can move to the given position"""        for i, row in enumerate(piece.shape[(piece.rotation + rotation) % len(piece.shape)]):            for j, cell in enumerate(row):                try:                    if cell == 'O' and (self.grid[piece.y + i + y][piece.x + j + x] != 0):                        return False                except IndexError:                    return False        return True    def clear_lines(self):        """Clear the lines that are full and return the number of cleared lines"""        lines_cleared = 0        for i, row in enumerate(self.grid[:-1]):            if all(cell != 0 for cell in row):                lines_cleared += 1                del self.grid[i]                self.grid.insert(0, [0 for _ in range(self.width)])        return lines_cleared    def lock_piece(self, piece):        """Lock the piece in place and create a new piece"""        for i, row in enumerate(piece.shape[piece.rotation % len(piece.shape)]):            for j, cell in enumerate(row):                if cell == 'O':                    self.grid[piece.y + i][piece.x + j] = piece.color        # Clear the lines and update the score        lines_cleared = self.clear_lines()        self.score += lines_cleared * 100  # Update the score based on the number of cleared lines        # Create a new piece        self.current_piece = self.new_piece()        # Check if the game is over        if not self.valid_move(self.current_piece, 0, 0, 0):            self.game_over = True        return lines_cleared    def update(self):        """Move the tetromino down one cell"""        if not self.game_over:            if self.valid_move(self.current_piece, 0, 1, 0):                self.current_piece.y += 1            else:                self.lock_piece(self.current_piece)    def draw(self, screen):        """Draw the grid and the current piece"""        for y, row in enumerate(self.grid):            for x, cell in enumerate(row):                if cell:                    pygame.draw.rect(screen, cell, (x * GRID_SIZE, y * GRID_SIZE, GRID_SIZE - 1, GRID_SIZE - 1))        if self.current_piece:            for i, row in enumerate(self.current_piece.shape[self.current_piece.rotation % len(self.current_piece.shape)]):                for j, cell in enumerate(row):                    if cell == 'O':                        pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.current_piece.color, ((self.current_piece.x + j) * GRID_SIZE, (self.current_piece.y + i) * GRID_SIZE, GRID_SIZE - 1, GRID_SIZE - 1))def draw_score(screen, score, x, y):    """Draw the score on the screen"""    font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)    text = font.render(f"Score: {score}", True, WHITE)    screen.blit(text, (x, y))        def draw_game_over(screen, x, y):    """Draw the game over text on the screen"""    font = pygame.font.Font(None, 48)    text = font.render("Game Over", True, RED)    screen.blit(text, (x, y))def main():    # Initialize pygame    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))    pygame.display.set_caption('Tetris')    # Create a clock object    clock = pygame.time.Clock()    # Create a Tetris object    game = Tetris(WIDTH // GRID_SIZE, HEIGHT // GRID_SIZE)    fall_time = 0    fall_speed = 50  # You can adjust this value to change the falling speed, it's in milliseconds    while True:        # Fill the screen with black        screen.fill(BLACK)         for event in pygame.event.get():            # Check for the QUIT event            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:                pygame.quit()                sys.exit()            # Check for the KEYDOWN event            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:                    if game.valid_move(game.current_piece, -1, 0, 0):                        game.current_piece.x -= 1 # Move the piece to the left                if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:                    if game.valid_move(game.current_piece, 1, 0, 0):                        game.current_piece.x += 1 # Move the piece to the right                if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:                    if game.valid_move(game.current_piece, 0, 1, 0):                        game.current_piece.y += 1 # Move the piece down                if event.key == pygame.K_UP:                    if game.valid_move(game.current_piece, 0, 0, 1):                        game.current_piece.rotation += 1 # Rotate the piece                if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:                    while game.valid_move(game.current_piece, 0, 1, 0):                        game.current_piece.y += 1 # Move the piece down until it hits the bottom                    game.lock_piece(game.current_piece) # Lock the piece in place        # Get the number of milliseconds since the last frame        delta_time = clock.get_rawtime()         # Add the delta time to the fall time        fall_time += delta_time         if fall_time >= fall_speed:            # Move the piece down            game.update()            # Reset the fall time            fall_time = 0        # Draw the score on the screen        draw_score(screen, game.score, 10, 10)        # Draw the grid and the current piece        game.draw(screen)        if game.game_over:            # Draw the "Game Over" message            draw_game_over(screen, WIDTH // 2 - 100, HEIGHT // 2 - 30)  # Draw the "Game Over" message            # You can add a "Press any key to restart" message here            # Check for the KEYDOWN event            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:                # Create a new Tetris object                game = Tetris(WIDTH // GRID_SIZE, HEIGHT // GRID_SIZE)        # Update the display        pygame.display.flip()        # Set the framerate        clock.tick(60)if __name__ == "__main__":    main()

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