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The Cryosphere
The Cryosphere
TC
 

The Cryosphere 

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Open accessPublic peer reviewArticle level metricsModerate APCs
TC cover
Open accessPublic peer reviewArticle level metricsModerate APCsFinancial support
Co-editors-in-chief: Chris Derksen, Christian Haas, Christian Hauck, Nanna Bjørnholt Karlsson & Thomas Mölg
eISSN: TC1994-0424, TCD1994-0440

The Cryosphere (TC) is a not-for-profit international scientific journal dedicated to the publication and discussion of research articles, short communications, and review papers on all aspects of frozen water and frozen ground on Earth and on other planetary bodies.

The main subject areas are ice sheets and glaciers, permafrost, river and lake ice, seasonal snow cover, and sea ice, including remote sensing, numerical modeling, in situ, and laboratory approaches, and studies of the interaction of the cryosphere with the Earth system. Manuscripts with a focus on cryospheric research that include perspectives from social science, humanities, and other disciplines outside the natural sciences are also welcome.

Journal metrics

TC is indexed in the Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, etc. We refrain from displaying the journal metrics prominently on the landing page since citation metrics used in isolation do not describe importance, impact, or quality of a journal. However, these metrics can be found on thejournal metrics page.

News

13 Mar 2025New agreement between California Digital Library and Copernicus Publications

We are delighted to announce a new agreement between the California Digital Library and Copernicus Publications. The University of California will cover 50% of article processing charges (APCs) for manuscripts affiliated with any of their research units. Read more.

13 Mar 2025New agreement between California Digital Library and Copernicus Publications

We are delighted to announce a new agreement between the California Digital Library and Copernicus Publications. The University of California will cover 50% of article processing charges (APCs) for manuscripts affiliated with any of their research units. Read more.

20 Feb 2025Get involved, become a referee, and help shape TC's community publication output

We are pleased to announce that a new referee application form is now available. This means that if you are interested in contributing to the peer-review process and supporting high-quality scientific publishing in your community then you can apply today to become a referee. Your expertise can make a difference. Visit the online formhere to learn more and join our reviewer community.

20 Feb 2025Get involved, become a referee, and help shape TC's community publication output

We are pleased to announce that a new referee application form is now available. This means that if you are interested in contributing to the peer-review process and supporting high-quality scientific publishing in your community then you can apply today to become a referee. Your expertise can make a difference. Visit the online formhere to learn more and join our reviewer community.

13 Feb 2025Extreme precipitation associated with atmospheric rivers over West Antarctic ice shelves: insights from kilometre-scale regional climate modelling

The authors use three sophisticated climate models to examine extreme precipitation in a critical region of West Antarctica. They found that rainfall probably occurred during the two cases they examined and that it was generated by the interaction of air with steep topography. Read more.

13 Feb 2025Extreme precipitation associated with atmospheric rivers over West Antarctic ice shelves: insights from kilometre-scale regional climate modelling

The authors use three sophisticated climate models to examine extreme precipitation in a critical region of West Antarctica. They found that rainfall probably occurred during the two cases they examined and that it was generated by the interaction of air with steep topography. Read more.

Recent papers

07 Apr 2025
Separating the albedo-reducing effect of different light-absorbing particles on snow using deep learning
Lou-Anne Chevrollier, Adrien Wehrlé, Joseph M. Cook, Norbert Pirk, Liane G. Benning, Alexandre M. Anesio, and Martyn Tranter
The Cryosphere, 19, 1527–1538,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1527-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1527-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Light-absorbing particles (LAPs) are often present as a mixture on snow surfaces and are important to disentangle because their darkening effects vary but also because the processes governing their presence and accumulation on snow surfaces are different. This study presents a novel method to retrieve the concentration and albedo-reducing effect of different LAPs present at the snow surface from surface spectral albedo. The method is then successfully applied to ground observations on seasonal snow.
04 Apr 2025
Long-term development of a perennial firn aquifer on the Lomonosovfonna ice cap, Svalbard
Tim van den Akker, Ward van Pelt, Rickard Petterson, and Veijo A. Pohjola
The Cryosphere, 19, 1513–1525,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1513-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1513-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Liquid water can persist within old snow on glaciers and ice caps if it can percolate into the snow before it refreezes. Snow is a good insulator, and it is porous where the percolated water can be stored. If this happens, the water piles up and forms a groundwater-like system. Here, we show observations of such a groundwater-like system found in Svalbard. We demonstrate that it behaves like a groundwater system and use that to model the development of the water table from 1957 until the present day.
04 Apr 2025
| Highlight paper
Inter-model differences in 21st century glacier runoff for the world's major river basins
Finn Wimberly, Lizz Ultee, Lilian Schuster, Matthias Huss, David R. Rounce, Fabien Maussion, Sloan Coats, Jonathan Mackay, and Erik Holmgren
The Cryosphere, 19, 1491–1511,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1491-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1491-2025, 2025
Short summaryCo-editor-in-chief
Short summary
Glacier models have historically been used to understand glacier melt’s contribution to sea level rise. The capacity to project seasonal glacier runoff is a relatively recent development for these models. In this study we provide the first model intercomparison of runoff projections for the glacier evolution models capable of simulating future runoff globally. We compare model projections from 2000 to 2100 for all major river basins larger than 3000 km2 with over 30 km2 of initial glacier cover.
Co-editor-in-chief
This study explores how choice of glacier and GCM model can impact prediction of future runoff for 75 of the world's major river basins. It is a very timely piece of research given ongoing pressures on river flow in glaciated regions which are on track to worsen, and offers a framework from which modellers can produce policy-relevant information related to future contribution of glaciers to freshwater resources, including consideration of uncertainty.
04 Apr 2025
Future changes in Antarctic near-surface winds: regional variability and key drivers under a high-emission scenario
Cécile Davrinche, Anaïs Orsi, Charles Amory, Christoph Kittel, and Cécile Agosta
EGUsphere,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1419,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1419, 2025
Preprint under review for TC(discussion: open, 0 comments)
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse 4 projections of winter surface winds in Antarctica. On the continent, projected changes in wind speed by 2100 reveal opposing trends depending on the area and model. Nevertheless, models agree on a strengthening of surface winds in Adélie Land for example and a weakening in some coastal areas. Lastly, we attribute strengthening of near-surface winds to changes in the large-sale atmospheric circulation and weakening of near-surface to changes in the structure of the lower atmosphere.
04 Apr 2025
Exploring the conditions conducive to convection within the Greenland Ice Sheet
Robert Law, Andreas Born, Philipp Voigt, Joseph A. MacGregor, and Claire Marie Guimond
External preprint server,https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.18779,https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.18779, 2025
Preprint under review for TC(discussion: open, 0 comments)
Short summary
Short summary
Convection has been previously, yet contentiously, suggested for ice sheets, but never before comprehensively explored using numerical models. We use mantle dynamics code to test the hypothesis that convection gives rise to enigmatic plume-like features observed in radio-stratigraphy observations of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Our results provide very good agreement with field observations, but could imply that ice in northern Greenland is significantly softer than commonly thought.

Highlight articles

04 Apr 2025
Inter-model differences in 21st century glacier runoff for the world's major river basins
Finn Wimberly, Lizz Ultee, Lilian Schuster, Matthias Huss, David R. Rounce, Fabien Maussion, Sloan Coats, Jonathan Mackay, and Erik Holmgren
The Cryosphere, 19, 1491–1511,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1491-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1491-2025, 2025
Short summaryCo-editor-in-chief
Short summary
Glacier models have historically been used to understand glacier melt’s contribution to sea level rise. The capacity to project seasonal glacier runoff is a relatively recent development for these models. In this study we provide the first model intercomparison of runoff projections for the glacier evolution models capable of simulating future runoff globally. We compare model projections from 2000 to 2100 for all major river basins larger than 3000 km2 with over 30 km2 of initial glacier cover.
Co-editor-in-chief
This study explores how choice of glacier and GCM model can impact prediction of future runoff for 75 of the world's major river basins. It is a very timely piece of research given ongoing pressures on river flow in glaciated regions which are on track to worsen, and offers a framework from which modellers can produce policy-relevant information related to future contribution of glaciers to freshwater resources, including consideration of uncertainty.
21 Feb 2025
Brief communication: Sea-level projections, adaptation planning, and actionable science
William H. Lipscomb, David Behar, and Monica Ainhorn Morrison
The Cryosphere, 19, 793–803,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-793-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-793-2025, 2025
Short summaryCo-editor-in-chief
Short summary
As communities try to adapt to climate change, they look for "actionable science" that can inform decision-making. There are risks in relying on novel results that are not yet accepted by the science community. We propose a practical criterion for determining which scientific claims are actionable. We show how premature acceptance of sea-level-rise predictions can lead to confusion and backtracking, and we suggest best practices for communication between scientists and adaptation planners.
Co-editor-in-chief
For most countries dealing with the consequences of sea-level rise, a constructive discussion about actionable science is critical. There is a need to strengthen the lines of evidence for sea-level projections and at the same time there is a strong need for practitioners to understand which science they should rely on to plan adaptation actions. This manuscript outlines when scientific results may be considered actionable and discusses the risks in using novel results to inform decision-making. The case study discussed in the manuscript is also valid for other climate-change-related fields.
23 Jan 2025
Present-day mass loss rates are a precursor for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse
Tim van den Akker, William H. Lipscomb, Gunter R. Leguy, Jorjo Bernales, Constantijn J. Berends, Willem Jan van de Berg, and Roderik S. W. van de Wal
The Cryosphere, 19, 283–301,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-283-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-283-2025, 2025
Short summaryCo-editor-in-chief
Short summary
In this study, we present an improved way of representing ice thickness change rates in an ice sheet model. We apply this method using two ice sheet models of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. We found that the two largest outlet glaciers on the Antarctic Ice Sheet, Thwaites Glacier and Pine Island Glacier, will collapse without further warming on a timescale of centuries. This would cause a sea level rise of about 1.2 m globally.
Co-editor-in-chief
The manuscript investigates the future stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) exploring how ice-sheet models may be initialised in a way that incorporates present-day satellite observations of ice mass loss. The study shows that with present-day ocean water temperatures large parts of WAIS will deglaciate, with major implications for global sea levels, particularly in Europe. Model simulations also show that current ocean-driven melting trends will destabilize the Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers over the next several centuries even in the absence of further change, leading to rapid ice loss.
09 Jan 2025
A topographically controlled tipping point for complete Greenland ice sheet melt
Michele Petrini, Meike D. W. Scherrenberg, Laura Muntjewerf, Miren Vizcaino, Raymond Sellevold, Gunter R. Leguy, William H. Lipscomb, and Heiko Goelzer
The Cryosphere, 19, 63–81,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-63-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-63-2025, 2025
Short summaryCo-editor-in-chief
Short summary
Anthropogenic warming is causing accelerated Greenland ice sheet melt. Here, we use a computer model to understand how prolonged warming and ice melt could threaten ice sheet stability. We find a threshold beyond which Greenland will lose more than 80 % of its ice over several thousand years, due to the interaction of surface and solid-Earth processes. Nearly complete Greenland ice sheet melt occurs when the ice margin disconnects from a region of high elevation in western Greenland.
Co-editor-in-chief
This interesting study investigates the vulnerability of the Greenland ice sheet to climate warming. Specifically, the article addresses what it takes to make the Greenland ice sheet disappear—an event that would cause several metres of sea-level rise. The authors show that a tipping-point behaviour can be identified in their model, demonstrating that once a threshold has been crossed, Greenland becomes almost completely ice-free.
28 Nov 2024
The future of Upernavik Isstrøm through the ISMIP6 framework: sensitivity analysis and Bayesian calibration of ensemble prediction
Eliot Jager, Fabien Gillet-Chaulet, Nicolas Champollion, Romain Millan, Heiko Goelzer, and Jérémie Mouginot
The Cryosphere, 18, 5519–5550,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5519-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5519-2024, 2024
Short summaryCo-editor-in-chief
Short summary
Inspired by a previous intercomparison framework, our study better constrains uncertainties in glacier evolution using an innovative method to validate Bayesian calibration. Upernavik Isstrøm, one of Greenland's largest glaciers, has lost significant mass since 1985. By integrating observational data, climate models, human emissions, and internal model parameters, we project its evolution until 2100. We show that future human emissions are the main source of uncertainty in 2100, making up half.
Co-editor-in-chief
This work examines what determines the future of a glacier system in Greenland and represents an important advance in data-constrained forecasting for glacier systems. The manuscript investigates how sea-level rise predictions may be improved by leveraging a range of glaciological, climate, and modelling disciplines. Bringing together models and data, the authors demonstrate that human behaviour is the main determining factor of the glacier's future development.

More highlight articlesAll EGU highlight articles

Notice on the current situation in Ukraine

To show our support for Ukraine, all fees for papers from authors (first or corresponding authors) affiliated toUkrainian institutions are automatically waived, regardless if these papers are co-authored by scientists affiliated to Russian and/or Belarusian institutions. The only exception will be if the corresponding author or first contact (contractual partner of Copernicus) are from a Russian and/or Belarusian institution, in that case the APCs are not waived.

In accordance with current European restrictions, Copernicus Publications does not step into business relations with and issue APC-invoices (articles processing charges) toRussian and Belarusian institutions. The peer-review process and scientific exchange of our journals including preprint posting is not affected. However, these restrictions require that the first contact (contractual partner of Copernicus) has an affiliation and invoice address outside Russia or Belarus.


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