Kōrero: Tikanga rua

Ka kitea te tikanga rua i roto i te pāpori o Aotearoa mō ētahi tekau tau i muri iho i te taenga mai o te Pākehā. Heoi anō, he taupua tēnei hangarite. Mai i te tau 1840 tae noa ki ngā 1980, ka mariu ngā kaupapahere o te kāwanatanga i te tikanga ahurea Pākehā, ahakoa ka haere tonu te ahurea me ngā hapori Māori. Mai i taua wā, nā te aranga hou i miramiratia anōtia te tikanga hou, i raro i te rangapū i waenganui i te Māori me te Karauna i whakatūria e te Tiriti.
He kōrero nā Janine Hayward
Te āhua nui: Marae, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
He kōrero whakarapopoto
Mai i te tikanga rua ki te ahutahi
I mua i te waitohutanga o te Tiriti o Waitangi i te tau 1840, i noho ngāi Māori me ngā tāngata whai Piritānia i roto i ō rātou ake ahurea. Ka tapaina ētahi ki te ingoa Pākehā-Māori (he Pākehā i noho ki ngā hapori Māori), ā, koinā ētahi o ngā tāngata tikanga rua tuatahi, e hāneanea ana i roto i ngā rōpū e rua.
I muri i te waitohutanga o te tiriti, he tere te pikinga o te taupori tāngata whai kia nui ake i te Māori. Ka whakatuanui ngā ritenga me te ahurea Pākehā, ā, ko te kawatau ka whai ngāi Māori i ngā ara Pākehā.
Te whakahōnore i te Tiriti
Mai i ngā 1970 he kaha ake te porotū o ngāi Māori ki ngā take pērā i te rironga o te whenua me ngā whatinga o te tiriti. I te tau 1975 i whakatū te kāwanatanga i te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi ki te whakatewhatewha i ngā whatinga o te wā, ā, mai i te tau 1985 ka āhei te taraipiunara te aro atu ki ngā kerēme tae atu ki te tau 1840.
Te Tikanga rua rāngai kāwanatanga
I ngā 1980 ka tīmata te kāwanatanga ki te whakaae ko te tiriti te pukapuka taketake o Aotearoa. I tīmata ngā tari kāwanatanga ki te aro atu ki ngā reo, ahurea, kōrero tuku iho hoki o te Pākehā me te Māori, ā, ka taunaki ētahi pūrongo kāwanatanga i te tikanga rua. Tatū rawa ki ngā 2000 kua whiwhi te nuinga o ngā tari kāwanatanga ki ngā ingoa Māori me ngā ingoa Pākehā, ā, i kitea te pōwhiri me te whakatau ki ngā hui ōkawa.
Ngā taupatupatu
E taupatupatuhia ana te kaupapa tikanga rua. Ki ētahi, e tika ana ko Aotearoa he pāpori kākano maha ka arohia ōkawatia ngā ahurea o ngā iwi maha, kaua ko ērā o te Māori me te Pākehā. Ki ētahi atu he iti rawa te tautoko a te tikanga rua i te ahurea Māori me te mana motuhake. Ka tohe rātou mō ngā whakanohanga Māori i raro i te mana Māori, pērā i te pūnaha manatika Māori, te whare Māori rānei o te Pāremata.
Me pēnei te tohu i te whārang
Janine Hayward, Tikanga rua, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/tikanga-rua (accessed 17 February 2026).
He kōrero nā Janine Hayward, i tāngia i te 21 August 2023, reviewed and revised 10 January 2023 me te āwhina o Janine Hayward.