Transportation & Logistics

As global greenhouse gas emissions have been rising, including direct emissions from the transport sector, an increasing focus is placed on this sector to become more sustainable across transportation modes. This shift shapes the global transportation field as policies and regulations have been put in place to decarbonize the industry. New technologies are disrupting traditional aviation as well as maritime transport. These have also led to investments in connected and autonomous vehicles. This commitment to research and development is forecast to fuel market growth in the following years.

These opportunities and challenges affect passenger and cargo transport and have led to changes in the logistics industry, already disrupted by the growing e-commerce market. Evolving consumer behavior leads to a larger emphasis on last-mile logistics, which is widening the space for new logistics solutions for urban areas.

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  Aug 7, 2025

  Number of cars sold worldwide from 2010 to 2024, with a 2025-2026 forecast (in million units)

  Worldwide car sales grew to around 78 million automobiles in 2024, up from around 75.3 million units in 2023. Throughout 2020 and 2021, the sector experienced a downward trend on the back of a slowing global economy, while COVID-19 and the Russian war on Ukraine contributed to shortages in theautomotive semiconductor industry and further supply chain disruptions in 2022. Despite these challenges, 2023 and 2024 sales surpassed pre-pandemic levels and are forecast to keep rising through 2025 and 2026.
  
  

  Covid-19 hits car demand

  It had been estimated pre-pandemic that international car sales were on track to reach 80 million. While 2023 sales are still far away from that goal, this was the first year were car sales exceeded pre-pandemic values. The automotive market faced various challenges in 2023, including supply shortages, automotive layoffs, and strikes in North America. However, despite these hurdles, the North American market was among the fastest-growing regions in 2024, along with Eastern Europe and Asia, asauto sales in these regions increased year-on-year.
  
  

  Chinese market recovers

  After years of double-digit growth, China's economy began to lose steam in 2022, and recovery has been slow through 2023. China was thelargest automobile market based on sales with around 25.8 million units in 2023. However,monthly car sales in China were in free-fall in April 2022 partly due to shortages, fears over a looming recession, and the country grappling with the COVID-19 pandemic. By June of that same year, monthly sales in China were closer to those recorded in 2021.

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  Mar 1, 2024

  Ride-sharing market size worldwide from 2017 to 2023 with a forecast through 2028 (in billion U.S. dollars)

  The global ride-sharing market is expected to grow to by more than 40 percent between 2023 and 2028. The market value is expected to amount around 216 billion U.S. dollars in 2028. DiDi, Uber, andLyftare among the key players in this industry.
  
  

  Costs, congestion, and comfort are key market drivers

  The ride-sharing market’s rapid growth is being fueled by several key factors: Consumers, particularly younger adults, seek to avoid the large overhead costs of car ownership. It is expected that ride-sharing will be most popular in cities where vehicle ownership is not only costly but also less practical due to traffic congestion and limited parking. Ride-sharing’s reach has been enabled by widespread smartphone use and mobility apps are particularly popular in India and China, makingmobility services likely to see large revenue streams in regions such as China. The industry may struggle to take over the market in areas where public transportation is well-funded and attractive to use and hence, Europe is theregion where the market for urban mobility platformsthat combine individual and shared mobility options has the greatest potential.
  
  

  Shared mobility market segmentation

  Car-sharing andride-sharing represent parts of a wider aspect of the transportation industry, shared mobility. Either vehicles or mobility services are shared between consumers on an on-demand basis. Car-sharing provides consumers more privacy and less contact with strangers than ride-sharing. The value pool for ride-hailing is expected to be more than 14 times the size of the car-sharing market by 2030. 

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  Jun 6, 2024

  World's largest railway companies as of May 2024, based on market value (in billion U.S. dollars)

  Union Pacific is one of the leading railroad companies in the world, with an estimated market value of 149.46 billion U.S. dollars as of June 2024. 
  
  North America leads the world's largest railway companies
  
  With over 24 billion U.S. dollars inoperating revenue, Union Pacific focuses onhauling freight like coal, industrial, chemical or agricultural products on the largestrailway network in the world. Canadian National Railway came in second, valued at some 81 billion U.S. dollars. The railroad company is Canada’s largest railway freight provider, alsohauling freight throughout the Midwestern and Southern parts of the U.S.. Overall, the five companies with the highest market capitalization as of June 2024 were all located in North America, in part due to the region's reliance on Class I freight railroads for trading across borders. Hong Kong's Mass Transit Railway (MTR) came sixth in the ranking, with a market valuation under half that of Canadian Pacific Railway. 
  
  The U.S. rail industry
  
  While only 0.55 percent of the United States' 2019 gross domestic product wasinvested in the construction and maintenance of its infrastructures, the high-speed rail line in California was one of thelargest rail infrastructure projects worldwide as of February 2022, based on its value. The U.S. also relies heavily on rail freight to cover the country's large distances between urban areas: Themileage of Class I railroads amounted to 91,800 statue miles for 66 billion U.S. dollars intotal operating revenue in 2020.

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  Sep 4, 2025

  Global supply chain pressure index from January 2000 to May 2025

  The global supply chain pressure index reached -0.08 points in August 2025, down from 0.09 points in the previous month. After the challenging conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the supply chain pressure index has returned to the pre-pandemic levels.

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  Dec 5, 2024

  Annual growth in global air traffic passenger demand from 2006 to 2024, with a forecast for 2025

  In 2024, the global air traffic passenger demand grew by 11.2 percent compared to the previous year, when the passenger demand increased by 36.8 percent. This figure was forecast to grow by eight percent in 2025.

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  Dec 5, 2024

  Number of flights performed by the global airline industry from 2004 to 2024, with a forecast for 2025 (in millions)

  The number of flights performed globally by the airline industry has increased steadily since the early 2000s and reached 38.9 million in 2019. However, due to thecoronavirus pandemic, the number of flights dropped to 18.3 million in 2020. The flight volume increased again in the following years and was forecasted to reach 40 million in 2025. 

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  Jul 10, 2025

  Global container freight rate index from January 12, 2023 to July 10, 2025 (in U.S. dollars per 40-foot container)

  Container freight rates oscillated dramatically between January 2023 and July 2025. Freight rates slumped to their lowest level on the 26th of October 2023, when the going rate for a 40-foot container was only 1,342 U.S. dollars. Since then, the global freight rate has significantly increased, hitting over 5,900 U.S. dollars in July 2024, the highest value on record. As of July 10, 2025, freight rates decreased to 2,672 U.S. dollars per 40ft container.

  How did we get here?

  The global supply chain is a fragile system consisting of numerous links. Disruption to one can send cascading effects down a chain that needs to function properly for the whole system to work. The COVID-19 pandemic turned out to be an event of such a magnitude to either bring to halt whole industries and supply chains, or severely reduce their efficiency. Due to its complexity and transcontinental nature, container shipping was hit especially hard by the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the start of the pandemic, the shipping industry has had to struggle with port closures and congestions, labor shortages, difficulties with capacity utilization, as well as a lack of new shipping containers. In more recent months, the impact of the conflict in the Middle-East between Israel and numerous Islamic nations has had a significant effect on oil exports in the region, further exacerbating an industry in desperate need of recovery.
  
  

  Container carriers profiting

  While costs of operating a container fleet have increased, the surge in freight rates has not served just to cover rising expenses.Container ship operators had been reporting record-high operating profit margins since the beginning of the pandemic. However, despite these high profit margins, the freight rate increase has had some repercussions. In the second quarter of 2023, main container shipping companies had an average profit margin of 8.9 percent, a decrease of almost 50 percent compared to the peak EBIT in the first quarter of 2022. Despite this decrease, some of the carriers are combating this trend by using their previous profits to increase their carrying capacity by buying new containers andordering new container ships. However, the delivery of these newly ordered ships is still years away.

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  Apr 1, 2025

  Estimated plug-in electric car sales worldwide from 2015 to 2024 (in million units)

  It is estimated that 2024 saw plug-in electric light vehicle (PEV) sales of around 17.5 million units. The Chinese market picked up steam after a period of slowdown in 2020, as vehicle manufacturing and demand were at a standstill due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, electric vehicle sales in some of Europe's five largest markets surged in 2024. 
  
  

  Electric car sales growth

  Global automobile production dropped significantly with the pandemic, with millions of jobs in the industry at risk globally. Later in the year, when lockdowns were lifted, demand for new cars bounced back, but the automotive semiconductor shortage impacted supply. Despite these issues, the electric car market experienced a record year, with an increase of over three million in global electric car sales, and notable market share growth.
  
  

  A present task for the future

  Many governments put forwardgreen stimulus packages during the pandemic, many of which were directed towards supporting the automotive industry and securing jobs in the sector, with an emphasis on the clean transition. InChina, the full new energy vehicle (NEV) subsidy program phase-out was postponed from the end of 2020 to the end of 2022. However, these investments are starting to be rolled back. In Germany, the largest car market in Europe, electric vehicle subsidies abruptly stopped at the end of 2023, following in the footsteps of countries like Norway, which have also moved away from subsidies.

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  Apr 17, 2025

  Largest container ports worldwide in 2024, based on throughput (in million TEUs)

  The port of Shanghai was the largest container port worldwide in 2024, handling containers with a capacity of over 51 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). In 2024, nine out of the ten busiest container ports were located in Asia. 
  
  

  The world's largest container ports

  The busiest container ports in Asia include Shanghai, Singapore, and Hong Kong. In the United States, the neighboring ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach form the largest container hub in the country. The cities of Rotterdam, Antwerp, and Hamburg are home to the largest ports in Europe. In terms of value,seaborne trade carried by container ships is the most important category of waterborne freight, andcontainer handling is one of the key sources of revenue produced by the operation and management of a port. Intermodal containers usually have a capacity of one or two twenty-foot equivalent units, a standard unit of measure which is often being abbreviated to TEU.
  
  

  The world's largest container terminals

  Singapore’sPSA International is ranked among the world’s leading marine terminal operators, followed by Hutchison Port Holdings, which is headquartered in the British Virgin Islands. PSA International operates several ports around the world, generating almost 4.7 billion Singapore dollars in revenue in 2021.

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  Jan 29, 2025

  Global automobile market share in 2024, by brand

  In 2024, the ranking of the world’s largest car brands was topped by Toyota with a market share of around 10.7 percent. The Toyota brand is owned by Japan's Toyota Motor Corporation, the world's largestmotor vehicle manufacturer.
  
  New trends in the auto industry
  
  In light of growing environmental awareness and increasing efforts to connect vehicles, automotive manufacturers are faced with a variety of new challenges. Market trends such as the shift to lighter materials, as well as the trend towards electric and autonomous vehicles are set to revolutionize the industry. Palo Alto-based Tesla Motors is currently among those at the vanguard of the trend towards electrification, along with the Chinese car manufacturer BYD. Tesla delivered nearly 1.79 million vehicles in 2024, meaning thatVolkswagen Group's sales tally is over five times as much.
  
  The state of the global auto industry
  
  Car sales worldwide have dipped between 2019 and 2020 as a result of the economic downturn generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. 2021 sales recovered, despite remaining below 2019 levels, but supply chain shortages led to a slow recovery of sales in 2022. By the end of 2023, the global car sales volume had grown over pre-pandemic levels. China was thelargest automobile market based on new passenger car registrations, recording close to 25.8 million units sold. It was followed by the United States and Europe. China was also theleading passenger car producing country in 2024.

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