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Introduction to Web ServiceSagara Gunathunga( Apache web Service and Axis committer )

Why you needWeb Services ?

How do you interact with on-line financial service?

How do you interact with on-line financial service? Bank-A Bank-B Bank-C

How do you interact with on-line financial service? WS -A Bank-A WS -B Bank-B WS -C Bank-C

What are Web services?• loosely coupled: - they can be changed independently• platform independent• contracted: in and output are publicly available• components: interface encapsulates the code• XML-based interfaces: - human readable• firewall friendly•self-describing (allows for discovery of their functionality)

Web Services SpecificationThere are three basic specifications, forming the basisfor state-of-the-art Web-Service technology

Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)

SOAP ..• SOAP originally stood for "Simple Object Access Protocol" .• Web Services expose useful functionality to Web users through a standard Web protocol called SOAP.• Soap is an XML vocabulary standard to enable programs on separate computers to interact across any network. SOAP is a simple markup language for describing messages between applications.•• Soap uses mainly HTTP as a transport protocol. That is, HTTP message contains a SOAP message as its payload section.

SOAP ..A SOAP message is an ordinary XML document containing the following elements: • A required Envelope element that identifies the XML document as a SOAP message. • An optional Header element that contains header information. • A required Body element that contains call and response information. • An optional Fault element that provides information about errors that occurred while processing the message.

SOAP over HTTPHTTP Headers<soap:Envelope> SOAP Envelope <soap:Header> Header XML… </soap:Header> <soap:Body> Body XML payload… Message Pay Load </soap:Body></soap:Envelope>

Example - SOAP RequestPOST /InStock HTTP/1.1Host: www.stock.orgContent-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 150<?xml version="1.0"?><soap:Envelopexmlns:soap="http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap-envelope"soap:encodingStyle=http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap-encoding”> <soap:Body xmlns:m="http://www.stock.org/stock"> <m:GetStockPrice> <m:StockName>IBM</m:StockName> </m:GetStockPrice> </soap:Body></soap:Envelope>

SOAP Response HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/soap; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 126 <?xml version="1.0"?> <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap- envelope" soap:encodingStyle="http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap- encoding"> <soap:Body xmlns:m="http://www.stock.org/stock"> <m:GetStockPriceResponse> <m:Price>34.5</m:Price> </m:GetStockPriceResponse> </soap:Body> </soap:Envelope>

Web Services Description Language (WSDL)» WSDL stands for Web Services Description Language.» WSDL is an XML vocabulary for describing Web» services. It allows developers to describe Web Services and their capabilities, in a standard manner.» WSDL specifies what a request message must contain and what the response message will look like in unambiguous notation. In other words, it is a contract between the XML Web service and the client who wishes to use this service.» In addition to describing message contents, WSDL defines where the service is available and what communications protocol is used to talk to the service.

WSDL Structure » portType • Abstract definition of a service (set of operations) Service » Multiple bindings per portType: • How to access it Port Port (e.g. http://host/svc) • SOAP, JMS, direct call Binding Binding (e.g. SOAP) » Ports • Where to access it portType operation(s) inMesage outMessage Abstract interface

The WSDL Document Structure» A WSDL document is just a simple XML document.» It defines a web service using these major elements: • port type - The operations performed by the web service. • message - The messages used by the web service. • types - The data types used by the web service. • binding - The communication protocols used by the web service.

Example WSDL<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><wsdl:definitions> <wsdl:message name="execLocalCommandResponse"> <wsdl:message name="execLocalCommandRequest"> <wsdl:portType name="SJwsImp"> <wsdl:operation name="execLocalCommand" parameterOrder="in0"> <wsdl:input message="impl:execLocalCommandRequest" name="execLocalCommandRequest"/> <wsdl:output message="impl:execLocalCommandResponse" name="execLocalCommandResponse"/> </wsdl:operation> </wsdl:portType> <wsdl:binding name="SubmitjobSoapBinding" type="impl:SJwsImp"> <wsdlsoap:binding style="rpc" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/> <wsdl:operation name="execLocalCommand"> <wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/> <wsdl:input name="execLocalCommandRequest"> <wsdl:output name="execLocalCommandResponse"> </wsdl:operation> </wsdl:binding> <wsdl:service name="SJwsImpService"> <wsdl:port binding="impl:SubmitjobSoapBinding" name="Submitjob"> </wsdl:service></wsdl:definitions>

Example: WSDL types for Custom DataDefinition<wsdl:types> <schema targetNamespace="http://.../GCWS/services/Submitjob" xmlns:impl="http://.../GCWS/services/Submitjob" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <import namespace="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" /> <complexType name="ArrayOf_xsd_string"> <complexContent> <restriction base="soapenc:Array"> <attribute ref="soapenc:arrayType" wsdl:arrayType="xsd:string[]" /> </restriction> </complexContent> </complexType> <element name="ArrayOf_xsd_string" nillable="true" type="impl:ArrayOf_xsd_string" /> </schema></wsdl:types>

Example - message<wsdl:messagename="execLocalCommandResponse"> <wsdl:part name="execLocalCommandReturn" type="impl:ArrayOf_xsd_string" /> </wsdl:message><wsdl:message name="execLocalCommandRequest"> <wsdl:part name="in0" type="xsd:string" /></wsdl:message>

WSDL - portTypes» portType elements map messages to operations.» You can think of portType==class, operation==class methods.» Operations can contain input, output, and/or fault bindings for messages.» An operation may support of the following message styles: • One-way: request only • Two-way: request/response • Solicit-response: server “push” and client response • Notification: one-way server push

<wsdl:portType name="SJwsImp"> <wsdl:operation name="execLocalCommand" parameterOrder="in0"> <wsdl:input message="impl:execLocalCommandRequest" name="execLocalCommandRequest" /> <wsdl:output message="impl:execLocalCommandResponse" name="execLocalCommandResponse" /> </wsdl:operation></wsdl:portType>

Service and Port Definitions» So far, we have defined the class method interfaces (portTypes) and the rules for binding to a particular protocol.» Port elements define how the bindings (and thus the portTypes) are associated with a particular server.» The service element collects ports.

<wsdl:service name="SJwsImpService"> <wsdl:port binding="impl:SubmitjobSoapBinding" name="Submitjob"> <wsdlsoap:address location="http://.../GCWS/services/Submitjob" /> </wsdl:port></wsdl:service>

PortType Bindings» portTypes are abstract interface definitions. • Don’t say anything about how to invoke a remote method.» Remote invocations are defined in binding elements.» Binding elements are really just place holders that are extended for specific protocols • WSDL spec provides SOAP, HTTP GET/POST, and MIME extension schema examples.

<wsdl:binding name="SubmitjobSoapBinding" type="impl:SJwsImp"> <wsdlsoap:binding style="rpc" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" /> <wsdl:operation name="execLocalCommand“> <wsdlsoap:operation soapAction="" /> <wsdl:input name="execLocalCommandRequest"> <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle=http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/ namespace="http://.../GCWS/services/Submitjob" use="encoded" /> </wsdl:input> <wsdl:output name="execLocalCommandResponse"> <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle=http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/ namespace=http://.../GCWS/services/Submitjob use="encoded" /> </wsdl:output> </wsdl:operation> </wsdl:binding>

Contract first WS development 1. Start with existing WSDL document or writing a new WSDL document, all of the web service frameworks support for contact first web service development. 2. Both Apache Axis2 and CXF provide ‘WSDL2Java” tool , that capable to generate source codes from WSDL contract. Spring -WS doesn't provide any code generation tool but supports for Contact first approach .

Contract first WS development with Axis2 1. Use existing WSDL or write a simple WSDL using a XML editor or Eclipse WSDL editor. 2. Generate java skeleton using “WSDL2JAVA” tool. 3. Complete server side methods . 4. Package as .AAR ( with the generated service.xml ) 5. Deploy in to “services” directory of Axis2 installation.

Code first WS development 1. Start with existing codes , most of the time people use this approach when they want to expose existing business features as a web service. 2. Most of the Web service framework supports for automatic WSDL generation from services. ( Axis2 , CXF) 3. Users can utilize this automatic code generation feature or they can disable this feature to assign existing WSDL file.

Code first WS development with Axis2 Optionally you can write a interface too, specially with Spring, Hibernate and AOP related services.Service .xml - is a Axis2 specific service description file that contains importantmeta data about the service such as service class , service interface , messagereceivers etc.

WS client development with Axis2 Once you have a service description for a service you can generate WS client code using a tools like “WSDL2JAVA” , the generated code contain the required logic to serialize messages, service location , QoS attributes etc.

References • This slide and source codes for samples. •http://people.apache.org/~sagara/ws/intro10 •http://ws.apache.org/axis2/ •http://wso2.org/library/95 •http://www.developer.com/services/article.php/3613896/Writing-an • http://wso2.org/library/2873

Thank You Aeturnum Lanka (Pvt) Ltd1 9 7 , S ta n le y T h ila k a r a tn a M w , N u g e g o d a 1 0 2 5 0 , S r i Lanka Phone: + 9 4 1 1 5 5 1 8 1 7 7 | Email: in fo @ a e tu r n u m .c o m

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