The document discusses virtual memory, including its needs, importance, advantages, and disadvantages. Virtual memory allows a computer to use more memory for programs than is physically installed by storing unused portions on disk. This allows processes to exceed physical memory limits. Page replacement algorithms like FIFO, LRU, and OPT are used to determine which pages to swap in and out between memory and disk.

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Virtual memory ppt

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  VIRTUAL MEMORYPresent by:-Ravisha Sethi
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  CONTENTS virtual memoryNeeds of virtual memory Importance of virtual memory Advantage of virtual memory Disadvantage of virtual memory Address space & memory space Page replacement algorithms FIFO LRU OPT
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  VIRTUAL MEMORY Virtual memory is a common part of operating system on desktop computers. The term virtual memory refers to something which appears to be present but actually it is not. The virtual memory technique allows users to use more memory for a program than the real memory of a computer. present Mapper CPU (1) (3) Page (4) frame + x Logical Not present Page page + x frames Virtual (5) address Page framesSecondarystorage
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  NEED OF VIRTUALMEMORY Virtual memory is a imaginary memory which we are assuming. If we have a material that exceed your memory at that time we need to use the concept of virtual memory. virtual memory is temporary memory which is used along with the ram of the system.
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  IMPORTANCE OF VIRTUALMEMORY When your computer runs out of physical memory it writes what it needs to remember to the hard disc in a swap file as virtual memory. If a computer running Windows requires more memory/RAM then there is installed in the system to run a program, etc, it uses a small section of the hard drive for this purpose
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  ADDRESS SPACE ANDMEMORY SPACE Virtual memory is the address used by the programmer and the set of such addresses is called address space. An address in main memory is called a physical address. The set of such locations in main memory is called the memory space. Thus the memory space consist of the actual main memory locations directly addressable for processing.
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  PAGE REPLACEMENT ALGORITHMSIn a computer operating system that uses paging for virtual memory management, page replacement algorithm decide which memory pages to page out. When a page of memory need to be allocated. FIFO (first in first out) LRU (Least Recently used) OPT (Optimal)
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  FIFOFirst in first out is very easy to implement. The fifo algorithm select the page for replacement that has been in memory the longest time.time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12page P2 p3 p2 p1 p5 p2 p4 p5 p3 p2 p5 p2 p2* p2* p2* p2* P5 p5 p5* p5* P3 P3 P3 P3* p3 p3 P3 p3* P2 P2 P2 p2* P2* P5 P5 p4 P1 p1 P1* p4 p4 p4 P4* p2 hit hit hit
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  LRU The leastrecently used page replacement algorithm keeps track page uses over a short period of time. The LRU algorithm can be implemented by associating a counter with every page that is n main memory.time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12pag P2 p3 p2 p1 p5 p2 p4 p5 p3 p2 p5 p2e p2* p2* P2 P2 p2* P2 P2 p2* P3 P3 P3* P3* p3 p3* p3* P5 P5 p5* P5 P5 P5* P5 P5 p4* P1 P1 P1* p4 P4 P2 P2 p2 hit hit hit hit hit
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  OPT The optimal policy selects that page for replacement for which the time to the next reference is longest.  This algorithm result is fewest number of page faults.time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12page P2 p3 p2 p1 p5 p2 p4 p5 p3 p2 p5 p2 p2 p2 P2 P2 P2 P2 P4 P4 P4 P2 P2 P2 p3 p3 p3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 p5 P1 P5 P5 p5 P5 P5 P5 P5 hit hit hit hit hit hit
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  ADVANTAGES OF VIRTUALMEMORY Allows processes whose aggregate memory requirement is greater than the amount of physical memory, as infrequently used pages can reside on the disk. Virtual memory allows speed gain when only a particular segment of the program is required for the execution of the program. This concept is very helpful in implementing multiprogramming environment.
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  DISADVANTAGES OF VIRTUALMEMORY Applications run slower if the system is using virtual memory. It Takes more time to switch between applications. Less hard drive space for your use. It reduces system stability.