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Using Arduino and Raspberry Pi for Internet of Things Sudar Muthu (@sudarmuthu) http://hardwarefun.com/ http://github.com/sudar

Who am I?  Research Engineer by profession  I build robots as a hobby  Playing with Arduino for more than 4 years  Blogger about Arduino at http://hardwarefun.com  Moderator for Arduino India forum http://hardwarefun.com 2

Objective  Introduce Arduino  Introduce Raspberry Pi  Emphasis on IoT  See how both can be used for IoT http://hardwarefun.com 3

Arduino http://hardwarefun.com 4

What is Arduino?  Visual Basic for hardware  Includes both Hardware and software http://hardwarefun.com 5 Photo credit Arduino team

Different Arduino types  Arduino Uno (The one I am going to use today)  Arduino Mega  Arduino Due  Lillypad  Arduino BT  Arduino Ethernet  .. and clones http://hardwarefun.com 6

Getting to know the Arduino http://hardwarefun.com 7

Specs (Uno, Leonardo) Type Value Microcontroller ATmega328 Operating Voltage 5v Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output) Analog Input Pins 6 Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328) EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328) Clock Speed 16 MHz http://hardwarefun.com 8

Identify these components in  Microcontroller  Power jacket  USB jacket  Digital pins  Analog pins  Reset button Arduino http://hardwarefun.com 9

Identify these components in Arduino  Voltage Regulator  Power Pins (how many are there?)  Ground Pins (how many are there?)  Vin Pin  Rx and Tx Pins  ICSP Headers http://hardwarefun.com 10

Identify these components in  Power Led  Rx and Tx Led’s  Test Led  Crystal  Anything else? Arduino http://hardwarefun.com 11

Powering up Arduino http://hardwarefun.com 12

Different ways to power up Arduino  Using USB cable  Using DC power jacket  Giving voltage directly into Vin pin  Giving regulated voltage directly into 5V pin http://hardwarefun.com 13

Setting up Arduino http://hardwarefun.com 14

Testing the setup with a “Hello World” program http://hardwarefun.com 15

Blinking LED http://hardwarefun.com 16

Making a LED blink  Insert a LED in pin 13  Open File->Examples->Basics->Blink  Select Tools->Boards->Arduino Uno  Select File->Upload (or press ctrl+u)  You should get the message “Done upload”  Your Led should blink  Congrats you can program Arduino now  http://hardwarefun.com 17

People with electronics background Did I miss anything? http://hardwarefun.com 18

People with electronics background Did I miss anything? Hint: Ohm’s Law http://hardwarefun.com 19

Anatomy of an Arduino sketch http://hardwarefun.com 20

Printing values through Serial  Uno has one UART hardware port, using which we can exchange information with computer  Very useful for debugging  Works at a specified baud rate  Use Serial Monitor to read values  SoftwareSerial is also available http://hardwarefun.com 21

Breadboard Basics http://hardwarefun.com 22

How to use a breadboard  The first two and the last two rows are connected  In all the other rows, columns are connected  Connect the first and last row to power  Connect the second and second last row to ground http://hardwarefun.com 23

Digital Input and Output http://hardwarefun.com 24

Digital Input http://hardwarefun.com 25

Digital Output The LED blink that we did at “setting up Arduino” is Digital output http://hardwarefun.com 26

Analog Input http://hardwarefun.com 27

Reading Analog values from sensors  Connect the LDR on pin A0 and Gnd  LDR’s resistance varies based on the amount of light present  Read the current value using analogRead()  Print the value in Serial Monitor http://hardwarefun.com 28

Control an LED based on light void setup(){ pinMode(13, OUTPUT); } void loop(){ int val = analogRead(A0); if (val > 50) { digitalWrite(13, HIGH); } else { digitalWrite(13, LOW); } } http://hardwarefun.com 29

Analog Output http://hardwarefun.com 30

Analog Output  What is PWM?  Analog like behavior using digital output  Works by switching the LED on and off regularly  Changing the brightness of a Led http://hardwarefun.com 31

This is just the tip of an iceberg http://hardwarefun.com 32 There are tons of other features to Arduino which I have not talked about

Internet of Things http://hardwarefun.com 33

http://hardwarefun.com 34 "Internet of Things" by Wilgengebroed on Flickr

LoT is an overloaded term But I like this definition… “The Internet of Things is the interconnection of uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices within the existing Internet infrastructure” http://hardwarefun.com 35

Connecting Arduino to Internet  Ethernet Shield  WIFI Shield  3G Shield  Using another intermediate component http://hardwarefun.com 36

Demo of network connectivity using Arduino http://hardwarefun.com 37

Let’s take a break  http://hardwarefun.com 38

Credit Card Sized Computer http://hardwarefun.com 40

GPIO Pins http://hardwarefun.com 41 http://learn.adafruit.com/assets/3052

Setup Python sudo apt-get install python-dev sudo apt-get install python-rpi.gpio http://hardwarefun.com 42

Set the status of GPIO Pins https://github.com/sudar/r http://hardwarefun.com asp4b3erry-pi-sketches/blob/master/led-blink/led-blink.py

Set the status of GPIO Pins import RPi.GPIO as GPIO import time GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) GPIO.setup(12, GPIO.OUT) try: while True: GPIO.output(12, GPIO.HIGH) time.sleep(1) GPIO.output(12, GPIO.LOW) time.sleep(1) finally: GPIO.cleanup() https://github.com/sudar/raspberry-http://hardwarefun.com 44 pi-sketches/blob/master/led-blink/led-blink.py

Demo Let there be Light https://github.com/sudar/r http://hardwarefun.com 45aspberry-pi-sketches/blob/master/led-blink/led-blink.py

Changing the brightness of the LED import RPi.GPIO as GPIO import time GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) GPIO.setup(12, GPIO.OUT) p = GPIO.PWM(12, 50) # channel=12 frequency=50Hz p.start(0) try: while True: for dc in range(0, 101, 5): p.ChangeDutyCycle(dc) time.sleep(0.1) for dc in range(100, -1, -5): p.ChangeDutyCycle(dc) time.sleep(0.1) finally: p.stop() GPIO.cleanup() http://hardwarefun.com 46 https://github.com/sudar/raspberry-pi-sketches/blob/master/led-blink/pwm.py

Demo Can you see the brightness changing? https://github.com/sudar/raspberry-http://hardwarefun.com 47 pi-sketches/blob/master/led-blink/pwm.py

Reading the status of the Pin import RPi.GPIO as GPIO import time GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) GPIO.setup(11, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_DOWN) try: while True: if GPIO.input(11): print "Button is on" else: print "Button is off" time.sleep(0.1) finally: GPIO.cleanup() http://hardwarefun.com 48 https://github.com/sudar/raspberry-pi-sketches/blob/master/button-input/button-input.py

Reading the status of the Pin http://hardwarefun.com 49 https://github.com/sudar/raspberry-pi-sketches/blob/master/button-input/button-input.py

Demo What happens when the button is pressed? http://hardwarefun.com 50 https://github.com/sudar/raspberry-pi-sketches/blob/master/button-input/button-input.py

Combining Input and Output import RPi.GPIO as GPIO import time GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) GPIO.setup(11, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_DOWN) GPIO.setup(12, GPIO.OUT) try: while True: if GPIO.input(11): print "Button is on" GPIO.output(12, 1) else: GPIO.output(12, 0) time.sleep(0.1) finally: GPIO.cleanup() http://hardwarefun.com 51 https://github.com/sudar/raspberry-pi-sketches/blob/master/button-and-led/button-and-led.py

Combining Input and Output http://hardwarefun.com 52 https://github.com/sudar/raspberry-pi-sketches/blob/master/button-and-led/button-and-led.py

Demo Let’s control the LED by pressing the button http://hardwarefun.com 53 https://github.com/sudar/raspberry-pi-sketches/blob/master/button-and-led/button-and-led.py

What more can be done? http://hardwarefun.com 54

More protocols  I2C  SPI  Serial http://hardwarefun.com 55

Interacting with webcam  “PyGame” provides easy interface  Can get fancy using “opencv”  Both USB and GPIO interface are supported http://hardwarefun.com 56

Distributed Computing  Each Pi can be used as cheap node  Form grids using a cluster of Pi’s  Can share CPU, memory and disk space http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/projects/raspberrypi/tutorials/ distributed-computing/ http://hardwarefun.com 57

Limitations  No built-in Analog to Digital support  Can’t run Inductive load (motors)  Is not real-time (CPU might be busy)  No “safe circuits” present  Operates at 3.3V and is not directly compatible with Arduino voltage http://hardwarefun.com 58

Arduino vs Raspberry Pi for IoT http://hardwarefun.com 59

Advantages of Raspberry Pi  Entire Linux software stack is available  It is very easy to connect to internet  Can be programmed using variety of programming languages http://hardwarefun.com 60

Disadvantage of Raspberry Pi  Accessing hardware is not real-time. If the CPU is busy, then interfacing with hardware can be delayed  No built-in Analog to Digital converter available  Does not have enough power to drive inductive loads  The hardware design is not open source. Even though it is not a big deal, for some people it might a deal breaker http://hardwarefun.com 61

Advantages of Arduino  Very easy to get started  Very easy to extend it and has tons of user contributed shields and libraries. Shields are available to do pretty much anything  Can be used to for real-time applications  Everything (both hardware, software and IDE) are open source  Not much programming knowledge needed to do basic stuff http://hardwarefun.com 62

Disadvantages of Arduino  Not very powerful when compared with Raspberry Pi (Micro processor vs Micro controller)  You need to program using either Arduino or C/C++ (or assembly if you really want to)  Connecting to internet is slightly difficult (you have shields and libraries, but is not straight forward), but not impossible. http://hardwarefun.com 63

In Short.. Feature Raspberry Pi Arduino Processor Speed 700 MHz 16 MHz Programming Language No limit Arduino, C/C++ Real-time Hardware No real-time In real-time Analog to Digital Convertor No Yes Hardware Design Closed source Open source Internet Connection Very easy Not easy, but doable http://hardwarefun.com 64

My Solution? http://hardwarefun.com 65

Use both together  Best of both worlds http://hardwarefun.com 66 http://learn.adafruit.com/assets/3199 http://learn.adafruit.com/assets/2123

Links  Source code - https://github.com/sudar/raspberry-pi-sketches/  My blog - http://hardwarefun.com  Python GPIO - https://code.google.com/p/raspberry-gpio- python/  Distributed computing using Pi - http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/projects/raspberrypi/tutorial s/distributed-computing/ http://hardwarefun.com 67

Links  Arduino – http://arduino.cc  Asimi – A simple bot using Arduino http://hardwarefun.com/project/asimi  Getting started with hardware programming http://hardwarefun.com/tutorials/getting-started-with-hardware- programming  Getting started with Arduino http://hardwarefun.com/tutorials/getting-started-with-arduino- and-avr http://hardwarefun.com 68

Questions Thank You Sudar Muthu (@sudarmuthu) http://hardwarefun.com/ https://github.com/sudar/arduino-robotics-workshop https://github.com/sudar/raspberry-pi-sketches http://hardwarefun.com 69

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