The document introduces the Semantic Web, which extends the current web by encoding additional metadata and meaning about web resources using formal knowledge representation languages. This allows machines to better understand and process web information, enabling computers and people to cooperate more effectively. Key aspects of the Semantic Web include uniquely identified resources connected by hyperlinks, metadata encoded using ontologies, and linked open data which makes data integration easier by publishing concepts, entities, and properties on the web. Examples are given of applications such as knowledge graphs, content publishing and integration, and social graphs.

What's hot

Viewers also liked

Similar to The Semantic Web: An Introduction

More from Elena Simperl

Recently uploaded

The Semantic Web: An Introduction

• 1.
  INTRODUCTION TOTHE SEMANTICWEBElena Simperl, University ofSouthampton, UKe.simperl@soton.ac.uk@esimperl
• 2.
  THE BEGINNINGS“The SemanticWeb is not a separateWeb but an extension of the currentone, in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enablingcomputers and people to work incooperation”[Berners-Lee, Hendler & Lassila, 2001]
• 3.
  NOT A SEPARATEWEBDecentralized information space (for people)Consisting of documents and other Web resources Uniquely identified Connected to each other via hyperlinks Accessed via the Internet Created and used by different partiesTechnologies URIs HTML HTTPhttp://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html
• 4.
  BUT AN EXTENSIONOF THE CURRENT ONEA decentralized information space (for computers and people)A Web of dataConsisting of information and non-information resources Uniquely identified Connected to each other via hyperlinks Accessed via the Internet Created and used by different parties
• 5.
  INFORMATION WITH WELL-DEFINEDMEANINGMachines can process Webinformation ‘intelligentlyOne can encode this additionalinformation in a machine-processable wayUsing formal knowledgerepresentation languages andreasoningThis article is about a personThis article is about a writerPeople and writers havecharacteristic properties e.g.,• they are born somewhere• they publish books• books have topics, chapters, aprice etc.
• 6.
  COMPUTERS AND PEOPLEWORK INCOOPERATIONArtificial intelligence: “the science and engineering of making intelligentmachines”[John Mc Carthy, http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/whatisai.html]Areas of AI Knowledge representation Inference Logics Search Planning and scheduling Pattern recognition Learning Natural language processing Computer vision Robotics ....
• 7.
  MEANING ON THEWEB Add metadata to Web resources Different types of links Encode additional information about metadata entities and links inontologies No global information schemas Incomplete and inconsistent[Examples from Wikipedia]
• 8.
  YOU DON’T HAVETO BUILD YOUR OWN ONTOLOGY
• 9.
  LINKED DATA MAKESDATA INTEGRATION EASYConcepts, entities, and properties areaccessible on the Web just as traditional WebdocumentsLinked Data: Set of technologies andprinciples to publish and access data on theWebhttp://lod-cloud.net/http://www.ted.com/talks/tim_berners_lee_on_the_next_web.html
• 10.
  SEMANTIC WEB STACKStandardizedfamily of languages Compatible with the Web architecture With a formal semanticsLinked data is part of the stackTools Editors Data stores Reasoners Machine learning NLP Data interlinking …
• 11.
  FROM THE SEMANTICWEB TO SEMANTICTECHNOLOGIES“The Semantic Web provides acommon framework that allows data tobe shared and reused acrossapplication, enterprise, and communityboundaries”[W3C]
• 12.
  EXAMPLE: KNOWLEDGE GRAPHMAKINGSEARCH MORE INTELLIGENThttp://googleblog.blogspot.gr/2012/05/introducing-knowledge-graph-things-not.html
• 13.
  EXAMPLE: BBC &MEDIACONTENT PUBLISHING AND INTEGRATION
• 14.
  EXAMPLE: OPEN GRAPHINTEROPERABLECONTENT REPRESENTATIONRepresent Web content in a social graph inan interoperable wayUsed by Facebook (‘stories’), Google(snippets), IMDb etc.Facebook: actors, apps, objects withmetadata to create stories Example: Elena has finished reading ‘TheEconomist’, an object of type Newspaper Types with attributes, extensions allowed Pre-defined and custom actions on objects14http://ogp.me/Image fromhttps://developers.facebook.com/docs/opengraph/creating-custom-stories29-Aug-15
• 15.
  EXAMPLE: PROJECT HALO29.08.2015Imagesfrom http://www.projecthalo.com and http://www.inquireproject.com/
• 16.
  EXAMPLE: DATA.GOVUSING LINKEDDATA TO PUBLISH GOVERNMENT OPEN DATA
• 17.
  SEMANTIC WEB TODAYSemanticWeb technologies, standardized by the W3C,are mature RDF recommendation in 1999, update in 2004 RDFa (RDF in HTML) note in 2008 RDFS recommendation in 2004 SPARQL recommendation in 2008 OWL recommendation in 2004, update in 2009Schema.org markup (RDFa, microformats, microdata) http://www.webdatacommons.org/structureddata/Linked Open Data http://linkeddatacatalog.dws.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/state/Ontologies http://lov.okfn.org/dataset/lov/
• 18.
  JOIN THE SEMANTICWEB COMMUNITYMailing lists public_lod semanticweb Diverse others for special topics (Dbpedia,schema.org etc.)Facebook, LinkedIn, QuoraConferences Academic: ESWC, ISWC, WWW, AAAI etc. Applied/industry: Semantics, SmartData etc.Workshops Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining MeetsLinked Open Data @ESWC Consuming Linked Data @ISWC Detection, Representation, and Exploitation ofEvents in the Semantic Web @ESWC Services and Applications over Linked APIs andData @ESWC Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative@ISWC Semantic Statistics @ISWC Ontology Design Patterns @ISWC NLP & Dbpedia @ISWC Linked Data for Information Extraction @ISWC …