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The Inclusive Web Hands on with HTML5 and jQuery Justin Obara & Colin Clark Inclusive Design Research Centre ﬂuidproject.org

Rethinking Disability A mismatch between the user and the user interface

Disability is a usability issue

Accessibility is... the ability of the systemto accommodate the needs of the user

jQuery Hits the Spot• Browser inconsistencies and bugs

jQuery Hits the Spot• Browser inconsistencies and bugs• Complexity of the DOM

jQuery Hits the Spot• Browser inconsistencies and bugs• Complexity of the DOM• Handling events and asynchrony

jQuery Hits the Spot• Browser inconsistencies and bugs• Complexity of the DOM• Handling events and asynchrony• Communicating with the server

Toolkits can help!• Browser Abstraction• Complexity of the DOM• Handling events and asynchrony• Communicating with the server

Toolkits can help!• Browser abstraction• A simple, uniﬁed API for the DOM• Handling events and asynchrony• Communicating with the server

Toolkits can help!• Browser abstraction• A simple, uniﬁed API for the DOM• Easy, functional events system• Communicating with the server

Toolkits can help!• Browser abstraction• A simple, uniﬁed API for the DOM• Easy, functional events system• Built-in AJAX, XML, and JSON

Without jQueryfunction stripeListElements() { // get the items from the list var myItems = document.getElementsByTagName("li"); // skip line 0 as it's the header row for(var i = 0; i < myItems.length; i++) { if ((i % 2) === 0) { myItems[i].className = "striped"; } } }

With jQueryjQuery("li:even").addClass("striped");

Accessiblesystems are... • Flexible • Separable • Modiﬁable

Markup<label for="..." class="ﬂ-progEnhance-basic">Add File:</label><div class="ﬂ-progEnhance-enhanced"> It’s just a couple of classes!

Styles.ﬂ-progEnhance-enhanced {display:none}.ﬂ-progEnhance-basic {} Hide the fancy stuff, show the basics by default.

The Code// Use JavaScript to hide basic markup.$("head").append("<style type='text/css'> .fl-progEnhance-basic{ display: none; } .fl-progEnhance-enhanced { display: block; }</style>"); Use JavaScript to flip the styles around!

how assistive technology works

Opaque Markup<ol> <li id="ch1Tab"> <a href="#ch1Panel">Chapter 1</a> </li> <li id="ch2Tab"> <a href="#ch2Panel">Chapter 2</a> </li> <li id="quizTab"> <a href="#quizPanel">Quiz</a> </li></ol><div> <div id="ch1Panel">Chapter 1 Stuff</div> <div id=”ch2Panel”>Chapter 2 Stuff</div> <div id=”quizPanel”>Quiz Stuff</div></div>

Roles, States, Properties• Roles describe widgets not present in HTML 4 slider, menubar, tab, dialog• Properties describe characteristics: draggable, hasPopup, required• States describe what’s happening: busy, disabled, selected, hidden

Using ARIA<ol role=”tablist”> <li id=”ch1Tab” role=”tab”> <a href="#ch1Panel">Chapter 1</a> </li> <li id=”ch2Tab” role=”tab”> <a href="#ch2Panel">Chapter 2</a> </li> <li id=”quizTab” role=”tab”> <a href="#quizPanel">Quiz</a> </li></ol><div> <div id="ch1Panel" role=”tabpanel” aria-labelledby=”ch1Tab”>Chapter 1 Stuff</div> <div id=”ch2Panel” role=”tabpanel” aria-labelledby=”ch2Tab”>Chapter 2 Stuff</div> <div id=”quizPanel” role=”tabpanel” aria-labelledby=”quizTab”>Quiz Stuff</div></div>

Adding ARIA in code// Identify the container as a list of tabs.tabContainer.attr("role", "tablist");// Give each tab the "tab" role.tabs.attr("role", "tab");// Give each panel the appropriate role, panels.attr("role","tabpanel");panels.each(function (idx, panel) { var tabForPanel = that.tabs.eq(idx); // Relate the panel to the tab that labels it. $(panel).attr("aria-labelledby", tabForPanel[0].id);});

Keyboard Navigation• Everything that works with the mouse should work with the keyboard• ... but not always in the same way• Support familiar conventions http://dev.aol.com/dhtml_style_guide

Keyboard Conventions• Tab key focuses the control or widget• Arrow keys select an item• Enter or Spacebar activate an item Tab is handled by the browser. For the rest, you need to write code. A lot of code.

Tabindex examples<ol id=”animalTabs” tabindex=”0”>   <li id=”tab1”> <a href=”#cats” tabindex=”-1”>Cats</a> </li> <li id=”tab2”> <a href=”#cats” tabindex=”-1”>Dogs</a> </li> <li id=”tab3”> <a href=”#cats” tabindex=”-1”>Alligators</a> </li></ol>

Making Things Tabbable • Tabindex varies subtly across browsers • jquery.attr() normalizes it as of 1.3 • For all the gory details: http://ﬂuidproject.org/blog/2008/01/09/ getting-setting-and-removing-tabindex-values-with- javascript/// Make the tablist accessible with the Tab key.tabContainer.attr("tabindex", "0");// And take the anchors out of the Tab order.$(“a”, tabs).attr("tabindex", "-1");

Adding the Arrow Keys// Make each tab accessible with the left and right arrow keys.tabContainer.ﬂuid("selectable", { selectableSelector: that.options.selectors.tabs, direction: ﬂuid.a11y.orientation.HORIZONTAL, onSelect: function (tab) { $(tab).addClass(that.options.styles.highlighted); }, onUnselect: function (tab) { $(tab).removeClass(that.options.styles.highlighted); }});

Making Them Activatable// Make each tab activatable with Spacebar and Enter.tabs.ﬂuid("activatable", function (evt) { // Your handler code here. Maybe the same as .click()?});

Documentation• Tutorial: http://wiki.fluidproject.org/display/fluid/Keyboard+Accessibility +Tutorial• API Reference: http://wiki.fluidproject.org/display/fluid/Keyboard+Accessibility +Plugin+API

“you have to use ﬂash for that” “the web can’t do that!” “you need an app for that!”

Beyond the buzzword...• Media, drawing, animation, and interactivity <audio>, <video>, <canvas>• New widgets—you don’t have to roll your own <progress>, <menu>• Richer semantics for forms and documents <article>, <nav>, <input type=”date”>

Other cool stuff...• CSS3 transition, transform, gradient• Working with ﬁles File API, FormData, XHR Level 2• Coming soon Device, Text to Speech!

What’s coming• Headings Based on nesting within sections• Continued enhancements from semantics e.g. improved AT awareness for navigation <nav>• Native widgets

Canvas Accessibility1. Shadow DOM2. Focus indicators ... not quite yet. In the meantime... 1. Build alternatives 2. Degrade gracefully

The Bottom Line• HTML5 is coming—experiment with it now• Lots of great potential for improving access• Assistive technologies are slow on the uptake• Some features are going to be a challenge (Canvas)

Features • Degrades gracefully • Uploads multiple ﬁles at once • Keyboard navigable • Uses hot new HTML5 features:FormData XMLHttpRequest Level 2 <progress> (almost!)

Dive right in: markup<input type="file" multiple="" id="d-uploader-filesControl" class="d-uploader-filesControl fl-progEnhance-basic" />

Getting the filesfilesControl.change(function () { that.events.onAdd.fire(filesControl[0].files);});

demo.uploader.sendRequest = function (file, url, events) { var formData = new FormData(); formData.append("file", file); // Create a new XHR. var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.open("POST", url, true); // Register success and error listeners. xhr.onreadystatechange = function () { if (status === 200) { events.onSuccess.fire(file); } else { events.onError.fire(file); } }; // Listen for progress events as the file is uploading. xhr.upload.onprogress = function (progressEvent) { events.onProgress.fire(file, progressEvent.loaded, progressEvent.total); }; // Send off the request to the server. xhr.send(formData);};

HTML5 Inputs<input type=”tel”> <input type=”email”> <input type=”date”> <input type=”search”> <input type=”number” min=”0” max=”10” step=”1” value=”1”><input list=”dlist”><datalist id=”dlist”><option value=”HTML5”></datalist>

HTML5 Inputs: attributes/properies<label for=”name”>Name</label><input type=”text” id=”name” placeholder=”My name is ...” required autofocus />

Geolocation// test if geolocation api is supportedif (!!navigator.geolocation) { // success callback is passed a location object // coords property holds coordinate information // Firefox also has an address property navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(success, error);}

Geolocation: Location Object// test if geolocation api is supportedif (!!navigator.geolocation) { // success callback is passed a location object navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(success, error);}

What’s Infusion?• Application framework built on top of jQuery• UI components you can reuse and adapt• Lightweight CSS framework for styling• Accessibility tools and plugins for jQuery• Open architecture: everything is conﬁgurable

Great UX is hard work• Your code gets unruly as it grows• UIs are hard to reuse or repurpose• Design change requires big code change• Accessibility is confusing• Combining different code/libraries doesn’t always work

Open Architecture: Unlock your markup Let developers and users in A widget isn’t just one thing Question the rulesNo Black Boxes

Transparent Apps• M is where it’s at• Events inside and out• Assistive technology inside the Web, not bolted on

CSS Frameworks“If you’re going to use a framework, itshould be yours; one that you’ve created.You can look at existing frameworks forideas and hack at it. But the professionalsin this room are not well served by pickingup a framework and using it as-is.” - Eric Meyer

Fluid Skinning System• FSS is built to be hacked on• Provides a core set of building blocks• Reset, text, layouts, themes• Namespaced: no conﬂicts with your stuff• Themes for better legibility & readability http://wiki.ﬂuidproject.org/x/96M7

https://github.com/jobara/workshops

Questions?Justin Obarae: jobara@ocad.caColin Clarke: cclark@ocad.cat: @colinbdclarkﬂuidproject.orggithub.com/ﬂuid-project

Photo CreditsCurb cut, Great PA-NJ, http://www.flickr.com/photos/50393252@N02/4822063888/Stethoscope, Han-Oh Chung, http://www.flickr.com/photos/chickenlump/2038512161/Texting while walking, Mobile Monday Amsterdam, http://www.flickr.com/photos/momoams/2926622070/MOMA WiFi, http://www.flickr.com/photos/89554035@N00/2445178036Plasticine iPhone, Paula Ortiz López, http://www.flickr.com/photos/paulaortizlopez/5342740603/Skateboarder, Amin Samsudin, http://www.flickr.com/photos/aminchoc/4108543387/Plasticine Animal, panshipanshi, http://www.flickr.com/photos/panshipanshi/2123208719/

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