Structure and uses of DDT, Saccharin..pptx
Benzene Hexachloride (BHC), Saccharin, Chloramine, and DDT are important organic compounds with diverse applications and distinct chemical structures. BHC (C₆H₆Cl₆) is produced by chlorinating benzene under UV light, forming several isomers, with the γ-isomer (lindane) being the most active. Structurally, BHC is a cyclohexane ring with six chlorine atoms. It has been widely used as an agricultural insecticide and in pharmaceuticals for treating lice and scabies, though its use is now restricted due to environmental concerns. Saccharin (C₇H₅NO₃S) is a synthetic sweetener, hundreds of times sweeter than sugar. Its structure includes a benzisothiazole ring with a sulfonamide group. Saccharin is commonly used in diet foods, soft drinks, and toothpaste, especially for diabetic and calorie-conscious consumers. Chloramine (NH₂Cl) is formed by the reaction of chlorine with ammonia. It contains a nitrogen-chlorine bond and is used as a disinfectant in drinking water, swimming pools, and medical antiseptics. It is preferred over chlorine in water treatment because it is more stable and provides longer-lasting protection. DDT (C₁₄H₉Cl₅), or Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, consists of two chlorinated phenyl rings attached to a trichloroethane backbone. It was once widely used to control mosquito-borne diseases like malaria and as a crop pesticide. However, its environmental persistence and bioaccumulation led to widespread bans after ecological harm, especially to bird populations, was discovered. Despite this, limited use continues in some countries for disease control. These compounds demonstrate how chemical structure influences usage across fields like agriculture, medicine, food, and sanitation—while also highlighting the importance of responsible use and regulation to minimize environmental and health risks
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Structure and uses of DDT, Saccharin..pptx
- 1.Structure and uses of DDT,Saccharin, BHC and Chloramine.- Harsimran Kaur- -Pharm’ Organic Chemistry-II (BP301 T)MOD- 1
- 2.DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) Structure: Chemical formula: C H Cl₁₄ ₉ ₅ Contains: Two chlorinated benzene rings Connected via a central ethane chain with trichloromethyl group.✅ Uses: Powerful insecticide (malaria, typhus control) Agricultural pesticide (now banned/restricted in many countries due to persistence in environment and toxicity) Leishmaniasis control – Vector control of sandflies in endemic regions. Sleeping sickness prevention – Kills tsetse flies, the vector for Trypanosoma.ClClCl ClCl1,1,1-Trichloro-bis-2,2(4-chlorophenyl)ethaneFun Fact: DDT won a Nobel Prize! — Swiss chemist Paul Hermann Müller received the Nobel Prize in Physiology orMedicine in 1948 for discovering its effectiveness against malaria-carrying mosquitoes.🐦 Catchy Fact : It caused eggshell thinning in birds like bald eagles and falcons, leading to a sharp decline in theirpopulation. That’s why it got banned in many countries.🎥 Pop Culture Fact: It was once sprayed on children at beaches and parties to prevent lice and bugs—people believed it wastotally safe!
- 4.Saccharin Structure: Chemical formula: C H NO S₇ ₅ ₃ A benzene ring with: One sulfonyl group (SO )₂ One amide (NH) One ketone (C=O)✅ Uses: Artificial sweetener (300–500 times sweeter than sugar) Used in diabetic food products, soft drinks, toothpaste, and medicines. Used in chewable tablets and lozenges – To improve taste. Added to oral rehydration salts (ORS) – To improve palatability. Added to nutraceuticals and dietary supplements – For calorie control.HNSOOO1,1-dioxo-1,2-benzothiazol-3-one🍭 Fun Fact: Saccharin was discovered by accident in 1879 by Constantin Fahlberg, who didn’t wash his hands after workingin the lab and noticed his dinner rolls tasted sweet!😱 Controversial Fame: In the 1970s, it was nearly banned after being linked to bladder cancer in rats, but the public outcrykept it alive. It's now declared safe for humans.⚖️Sweet Score: Saccharin is about 300–400 times sweeter than sugar, but has zero calories.
- 5.Pepsi marketingAspartame(NutraSweet) as a“modern, better”choice oversaccharin—because at thattime, saccharinhad safetycontroversies.Today, both areconsidered safewithin approvedlimits by WHOand FDA.
- 6.BHC (Benzene Hexachloride) Also called Lindane – -γ isomer of BHC) Structure: Chemical formula: C H Cl₆ ₆ ₆ Derived by chlorination of benzene (adds 6 Cl atoms) Exists in multiple isomeric forms, -γ isomer is insecticidal.✅ Uses: Insecticide and pesticide Used on crops Used in medicated soaps – For scabies treatment Formulated in dermal creams and lotions – For parasitic skin diseases.ClClClClClCl1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexaneInsect Intruder: BHC has eight isomers, but gamma-BHC (Lindane) is the one that’s biologically active and used as aninsecticide.💡 Fun Memory Hook: Think of BHC as "Bugs Hate Chlorine" – that’s why it works so well as a pesticide!🚫 Banned Yet Used: It's banned or restricted in many countries due to its persistence in the environment—but it’s stillfound in some lice shampoos and scabies creams.
- 8.Chloramine (NH Cl)₂ Structure: Chemical formula: NH Cl₂ One chlorine atom bonded to a nitrogen, with two hydrogens. Inorganic compound.✅ Uses: Disinfectant for drinking water and swimming pools Alternative to chlorine (less odor, longer-lasting) Sanitizer in food processing and dairy industry Component in hospital surface disinfectants – Against bacteria, viruses, fungi. Used in deodorizing and sterilizing pharmaceutical facilities.HHClN🏊 Pool Partner: Chloramine is what gives swimming pools that strong chlorine smell—not chlorine itself!😷 Sneaky Reaction: It’s made when ammonia and chlorine mix—often used in water treatment for long-lasting disinfection.⚖️Fun Debate: While chlorine kills germs faster, chloramine lasts longer, making it the slow-and-steadydisinfectant in municipal water systems.